Question

name two substance which are responsible for temporary hardness of water and 4 for the permanent hardness of water​

Answer 1

Answer:

Hard water contains dissolved magnesium and calcium ions. These make it more difficult for the water to form a lather with soap. Temporary hardness is caused by dissolved calcium hydrogencarbonate (which is removed by boiling). Permanent hardness is caused by dissolved calcium sulfate (which is not removed by boiling).

Answer 2

$Ca(HCO_3)_2$ and $Mg(HCO_3)_2$ are responsible for  temporary hardness of water.

$CaSO_4$, $MgSO_4$, $CaCl_2$ and $MgCl_2$ are responsible for permanent hardness of water.

Explanation:

Temporary hardness is the hardness caused by bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium. It is also called as Carbonate hardness as it can be easily removed using simple methods.

Example: $Ca(HCO_3)_2$ and $Mg(HCO_3)_2$

Permanent hardness is the hardness caused by chlorides and sulfates of calcium and magnesium. It is also called as no carbonate hardness as it only be removed using chemical methods.

Example: $CaSO_4$, $MgSO_4$, $CaCl_2$ and $MgCl_2$

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