Question

name who build the cave temple of udayagiri​

Answer 1

Chandragupta II........

Answer 2

• Rani Gumpha (Cave 1, Rani ka Naur, Queen’s Cave, Queen’s Palace Cave) is a double storeyed monastery. Frontal face of lower floor has 7 entrance doors, while upper floor – 9 columns. Cave contains exquisite carvings and sculpted friezes depicting women dancing and playing musical instruments, also royal people in splendour, rampaging elephants, monkeys. Famous due to its exceptional accoustic characteristics. It is possible that the cave was used for chants and theatre performance, most likely – for Samaja celebration. Cave contains also image of Surya riding a chariot.

• Bajaghara Gumpha (Cave 2) – cave with two massive built columns in front part, also inner columns are built, e.g. not carved of live rock.

• Chota Hathi Gumpha (Cave 3, Small Elephant Cave) – contains exquisite relief with elephants in both sides of front door.

• Alkapuri Gumpha (Cave 4) – double storeyed, part of columns is built. Contains sculpted ornaments and sculptures. Capitels of rock-cut pillars contain exquisite reliefs depicting elephants, some winged creatures, people.

• Jaya-vijaya Gumpha (Cave 5) – double storied cave, some columns are rock-cut, some built.

• Panasa Gumpha (Cave 6). Simple cell with two built columns. Near this cave is another shelter with ochre paintings.

• Thakurani Gumpha (Cave 7). Double storeyed cave, where some columns are rock-cut, some – built. Contains relief carving with winged animals.

• Patalapuri Gumpha (Cave 8) – roughly cut cave with two columns at verandah. Capitels of columns adorned with reliefs depicting winged beings.

• Mancapuri Gumpha (Cave 9, Sargapuri – Manchapuri Gumpha) – double storeyed cave. Lower floor has four columns. Several sculptures and reliefs, inscriptions.

• Ganesa Gumpha (Cave 10) famous due to stone carvings. Contains two dwelling cells with low ceilings and a verandah with a bench in front. Famous relief of Ganesh on the rear wall was carved somewhat later – in this later time there were added large sculptures of two elephants in front of cave. Interesting scene with people in action, inscription. Contains also a carving with Jain Tirthankara.

• Jambesvara Gumpha (Cave 11, Jamesvara Gumpha) – low cell with two plain door-openings, entrance has one column and two pilasters. Inscription tells that this was the cave of Nakyia, wife of Mahamade.

• Vyaghra Gumpha (Cave 12, Bagha Gumpha, Bagh Gumpha) – unusual, small cave temple – entrance part is shaped like enormous head of some animal with the entrance door in the place of throat. Entrance portal is adorned with arched element, to the right from it – telling that this was cave of town-judge Sabhuti.

• Sarpa Gumpha (Cave 13) – unusual, small cave with adornment above the entrance.

• Hathi Gumpha (Cave 14, Elephant’s Cave, Hati Gumpha, Hatigumpha, in Orya – ହାତିଗୁଂଫା) – contains carved chronicles of King Kharavela’s reign – the famous Hathi Gumpha inscription. Hathi Gumpha is natural cavern supplemented with artificial structures – like columns of verandah. Besides the Hathi Gumpha inscription there are other pictograms and symbols drawn, including a footprint.

• In the front of Hathi Gumpha there is very unusual monument – hollowed boulder with entrance doors and windows.

• Dhanaghara Gumpha (Cave 15) – entrance with two massive (unfinished?) columns, adorned with sculpture of door keeper.

• Haridasa Gumpha (Cave 16, Haridas Gumpha) – roughly cut cave, verandah with one column. Contains inscription.

• Jagammath Gumpha (Cave 17, Jagannatha Gumpha) – roughly cut cave.

• Rosai Gumpha (Cave 18, Rasoi Gumpha) – small cave with single entrance.

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