Question

National health policy for child health indicators in india

Answer 1

Background
In India, an estimated 24.7 millions of children are born every year. As per Census 2011, the share of children (0-6 years) accounts 13% of the total population in the Country.

In 2000, 189 nations made a promise to free people from extreme poverty and multiple deprivations. This pledge became the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to be achieved by 2015.

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality: The target is to reduce Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015. In case of India, it translates into a goal of reducing U5MR to 42 per 1000 live births by 2015 and assessed by the following three targets:

4.1 Under five mortality rate

4.2 Proportion of 1 year old children immunised against measles.

Progress of achievements against MDG 4 targets are as follows:

1. As per latest Sample Registration System, 2016 Report; The Under Five Mortality Rate in India is 39/1000 live births. 15 states have achieved MDG-4 namely Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Telangana, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Delhi, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Uttarakhand

2. As per latest Sample Registration System, 2016 Report; Infant Mortality Rate is 34/1000 live births.

3. The U5MR has declined at a faster pace in the period 2008-2016, registering a compound annual decline of 6.7% per year, compared to 3.3% compound annual decline observed over 1990-2007.

4. Four states together contribute to 56% of all child deaths in the country, namely-Uttar Pradesh , Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

5. About 46% of under-five deaths take place within the first 7 days of birth, 61% within first one month of birth.

6. Children (12-23 months) immunised against measles has reached a coverage of 74% in 2009 (CES 2009) against a target of universal immunization against measles. Measles immunisation in rural areas improved from 61.8% to 72.4% over a period of four years (2005 to 2009), while urban measles immunisation coverage in this period declined from 79.4 from 78.3%.

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