Question

Natural selection is the only evolutionary process that produces adaptation

Answer 1

Natural selection favours those individuals (or their phenotypes) that contribute more to the gene pool of the next generation, i.e. that are best adapted to their environment. Mutations form the "fuel", in that they generate genetic variation on which selection can subsequently act. Migration and genetic drift bear on populations, and, together, the processes of selection, migration and genetic drift influence allele frequencies in populations. So, you have to make the distiction between adaptation of INDIVIDUALS, and allele frequencies in POPULATIONS; the former is influenced by mutation and the process of natural selection, the latter by selection, migration and genetic drift.

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