nazi propanganda was unique when compared to nationalist emergence in europe in 20th century. explain.
Answers
Fascism in Europe was composed of numerous ideologies present during the 20th century which all developed their own differences from each other. Fascism was born in Italy, but subsequently several movements across Europe which took influence from the Italian faction emerged. Purists assert that the term "fascism" should only be used to mean the ideology of the National Fascist Party under Benito Mussolini in Italy, which ruled from 1922 to 1943. However, commonly other European regimes that showed strong similarities to Mussolini's governing are also described as fascist.
The most striking difference is the racialist ideology present in Nazism, but not the other ideologies. Fascism was founded on the principle of nationalist unity and against the divisionist class war ideology of socialism and communism, therefore the majority of the regimes viewed racialism as counterproductive to unity, with Mussolini asserting: "National pride has no need of the delirium of race".
Italian Fascism was expansionist in its desires, looking to create a New Roman Empire. Nazi Germany also looked to expand its borders. The same cannot be said for the other ideologies, which focused almost exclusively on internal matters. This led to some countries, such as Spain or Portugal, remaining neutral in World War II rather than being Axis powers while Metaxas's Greece fought against the Axis due to Italy's invasion. It is widely accepted that the Nazis murdered the Austrofascist dictator Dollfuss, causing an uneasy relationship in Austria between fascism and Nazism at an early stage.
The question of religion also poses considerable conflicting differences as some forms of fascism, particularly the Falange and Estado Novo, were devoutly Catholic. The occultist and pagan elements of Nazi ideology were very different to the Christian element found in the vast majority of fascist movements of the 20th century.