NCERT CLASS IX - Science Textbook
Chapter 8 - Motion
Distinguish between speed and velocity.
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speed is a scalar quantity. It is the distance moved in a unit time. Its units are meters/sec in SI system. It is direction less. Speed is always non-negative. It depends on the path length of the curve that the body moves on.
This is instantaneous speed at any instant.
Average speed = total distance traveled / total time duration
= path length traveled / duration of time
Velocity is the change of displacement in unit time. Since displacement is a vector, the velocity of a body is also a vector. It has a direction and magnitude. Velocity follows vector laws of addition.
Since displacement depends only on the initial and final positions, the velocity vector also depends on the initial and final positions and not the path length which the body traces.
velocity average
= (final displacement - initial displacement ) / total duration of time
This is instantaneous speed at any instant.
Average speed = total distance traveled / total time duration
= path length traveled / duration of time
Velocity is the change of displacement in unit time. Since displacement is a vector, the velocity of a body is also a vector. It has a direction and magnitude. Velocity follows vector laws of addition.
Since displacement depends only on the initial and final positions, the velocity vector also depends on the initial and final positions and not the path length which the body traces.
velocity average
= (final displacement - initial displacement ) / total duration of time
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Explanation:
distinguish between speed and velocity
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