Question

Ncert Notes For Class 11 Ch Plant Kingdom

Answer 1

$\huge{\boxed{\sf{PLANT \: KINGDOM}}}$

>> The plant kingdom is known as Plantae.

>> The classification of Plant Kingdom is done as :

i) Algae.

ii) Bryophytes.

iii) Pteridophytes.

iv) Gymnosperms.

v) Angiosperms.

Let's discuss them one by one.

$\huge{\boxed{\mathcal{Algae}}}$

• The main habitat of algae is aquatic.

• They exhibit various size and forms like Colonial (e. g Volvox), Filamentous (Ulothrix, Spirogyra), Unicellular (Chlamydomonas).

• They lack vascular tissues so are called atracheophytes.

• Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae are the divisions of Algae.

$\huge{\boxed{\mathcal{Bryophytes}}}$

• They are very popularly known as the amphibians of plant kingdom. It is because they depend both on water and land for sexual means of reproduction.

• They are atracheophytes.

• The male organ is called antheridium and female organ of bryophytes are called archegonium.

• The main character of bryophytes is that their spores are homosporous.

• Liverworts and Mosses are the division of bryophytes.

$\huge{\boxed{\mathcal{Pteridophytes}}}$

• They lack seeds.

• They are the first plants having vascular tissues - xylem and phloem.

• They have two types of spores - homosporous and heterosporous.

• Example : Marsilea, Equisetum, Dryopteris, Selaginella.

$\huge{\boxed{\mathcal{Gymnosperms}}}$

• They have naked seeds.

• The male and gametophytes of gymnosperms do not exist independently.

• Example : Cycas, Pinus, Ginkgo.

$\huge{\boxed{\mathcal{Angiosperms}}}$

• These are flowering plants.

• Example : Rose, Pea, Cotton, Acacia, Sunflower, Banana, Cereals, Grass, Bamboo, Orchids, Eucalyptus, Mustard.