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Step-by-step explanation:
Ibrahim Lodi’s fighting army numbered between 30,000 and 40,000 soldiers, with at least 1000 war elephants.
The Sultan lacked field artillery, but Babur’s force had cannons that proved critical on the battlefield.
supplies into the trapped Maratha camp.
By late December or early January, the Maratha camp’s food production had run out, and thousands of cattle died.
Early in January, reports of soldiers dying of starvation started circulating.
The Battle
With no supplies and dying soldiers, the Maratha leaders begged Sadashiv Rao Bhau, their commander, to let them die in battle rather than starve to death.
The Marathas left their camp to march towards the Afghan camp in a desperate bid to break the siege.
Over 125,000 soldiers were involved in the battle, which
The battle put an end to further Maratha conquests in the north, as well as weakening their holdings, for around ten years. The rule of Peshwa Madhavrao, who is credited with restoring Maratha supremacy following the defeat at Panipat, lasted ten years.
Peshwa Madhavrao sent a huge Maratha force into North India in 1771, ten years after Panipat, in an effort that was intended to:at Panipat, about 60 miles (95.5 kilometres) north of Delhi, between a Maratha Empire northern expeditionary force and King of Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Durrani, with two Indian Muslim allies— the Rohilla Afghans of the Doab and Shuja-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Oudh.
The battle is considered as one of the most important in the eighteenth century, with the highest number of casualties.
The Military Forces
The battle pitted the French14 January 1761 -supplied artillery and Maratha’s cavalry against the Afghans’ and Rohillas’ strong cavalry and mounted artillery (zamburak and jezail) led by Ahmad Shah Durrani and Najib-ud-Daulah.(Ahmad Shah Abdali was also a name for Ahmad Shah Durrani.)
The Background
The decline of the Mughal Empire after the 27-year Mughal-Maratha war (1680–1707), which resulted in rapid territorial gains for the Maratha Empire.
Gujarat and Malwa came under Maratha rule under Peshwa Baji Rao. Finally, in 1737, Baji Rao defeated the Mughals on the outskirts of Delhi and gained possession of most of the old Mughal territory (south of Delhi).
This brought the Marathas into direct conflict with Ahmad Shah Abdali’s Durrani empire.
Ahmad Shah Abdali formed an army from Pashtun tribes in 1759 and made several gains in Punjab against the smaller Maratha garrisons. He, then formed a broad alliance against the Marathas with his Indian allies, the Gangetic Doab’s Rohilla Afghans.
The Support of Shuja-ud-Daulah
Both the Marathas and the Afghans tried to persuade Shuja-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Awadh, into their camp.
By late July, Shuja-ud-Daulah had decided to join the Afghan-Rohilla coalition, choosing to be part of the so-called “Army of Islam.”
Shuja provided much-needed finances for the prolonged Afghan stay in North India, therefore this was a14 January 1761 Tactics