negative impacts of covid19 on the environment
Answers
the indirect impact of the virus on the environment has been little analyzed. The first studies estimated a positive indirect impact on the environment. On the one hand, climate experts predict that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could drop to proportions never before seen since World War II (Global Carbon Project, 2020). This outcome is mainly due to the social distancing policies adopted by the governments following the appearance of the pandemic.
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2 Environmental efects of Covid‑19 outbreak
There are two situations in the studies examined about Covid-19 outbreak. These can be
divided into two categories: Covid-19 outbreak’s environmentally benefcial efects and
environmentally hazardous efects. These efects are discussed in detail below.
2.1 Harmful efects of Covid‑19 outbreak to the environment
Covid-19 outbreak pandemic, which restricts the daily mobility of people with its increas-
ing efect worldwide, caused the closure of the factories, the stopping of education and
training (Bandyopadhyay 2020), the halt of social mobility and the reduction in greenhouse
gas emissions in industrial countries. Besides serious limitations in international travel,
entertainment, sports, hospitality, tourism, transportation, manufacturing and many other
sectors were also afected by the outbreak. The global aviation industry expects that they
could damage $ 100 billion due to such restrictions (Bandyopadhyay 2020; Doherty 2020).
A study has been put forward by Yu and Aviso (2020) to assess the vulnerability caused by
the outbreak at the international level in the supply chain. Such a wide outbreak pandemic,
of course, has environmentally destructive efects. One of these is medical wastes result-
ing from the increased medical activity. It was stated that for the period when the outbreak
peaked in Wuhan, an average of 240 tons of medical waste was produced daily in hospi-
tals and this value was 6 times higher than normal value (Zuo 2020). Also, plastic-based
medical masks used worldwide are an environmental problem. Tracey Read, founder of the
non-plastic organization called “Seas Without Plastic” in Hong Kong, stated that masks aremade of polypropylene, a type of plastic, and it is very difcult to get lost in nature (CDP
2020; Robert 2020). Medical masks collected from the sea by a group of environmental-
ists in China are shown in Fig. 1. It is reported as good news that there is no evidence yet
that the Covid-19 virus is transmitted through wastewater or the sewage or water treatment
workers would have been at risk of infection. Also, there is no evidence that Covid-19 is
transmitted in any way through healthcare waste (WHO 2020b).