Neuron/ Nerve cells
No
Features
Observations
1
1
Shape and size
2
Nucleus
3
Structure
Main parts of cell
Functions : Transmission of impulses, Dendrites, receive impulses and the Axion takes
impulses away from the cell body.
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Introduction to Neurons and Glial Cells
The human nervous system is estimated to consist of roughly 360 billion non-neural glial cells and 90 billion nerve cells. Furthermore, there are hundreds of different types of neurons based on morphology alone. Often, neurons that look similar have strikingly different properties. For example, they utilize and respond to different neurotransmitter(s). This section reviews the cellular components of nervous tissue. Students should be able to describe neurons and glia, their morphological components as seen with the light and electron microscope, and some of the fundamental functional roles these cell types play in the nervous system.
Figure 8.1
Tap on the parts of the Model Neuron to view structures.
After reviewing the Model Neuron above, learn more about the function of each structure by tapping from the list below.
Cell Soma
Dendrite
Axon
Nerve Endings
Neuromuscular Junction
Cell Soma
The region of the neuron containing the nucleus is known as the cell body, soma, or perikaryon ;The cell body is the metabolic center of the neuron.
The interior of the soma consists of cytoplasm, a gel within a microtrabecular lattice formed by the microtubules and associated proteins that make up the cytoskeleton.
Energy producing metabolism and the synthesis of the macromolecules used by the cell to maintain its structure and execute its function are the principal activities of the neuronal soma. As described in Chapter 6, it also acts as a receptive area for synaptic inputs from other cells. Embedded within the neuronal cytoplasm are the organelles common to other cells, the nucleus, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, endosomes, and peroxisomes. Many of these cell inclusions are responsible for the expression of genetic information controlling the synthesis of cellular proteins involved in energy production, growth, and replacement of materials lost by attrition.
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