Question

New Towns & Crafts
After the fall of the Roman Empire and annexation
of Constantinople in the 15th century, which was
considered a gateway to Europe by the Ottoman
Turks, trade between Asia and Europe became
difficult as the Turks demanded high taxes from
traders to pass through their region. With trade
bringing little profit due to high taxes, Asian traders
stopped travelling to Europe. However, Europe
depended on Indian products like spices, cotton,
and silk textiles, hence the Portuguese and Spanish
decided to find an alternative route to India. Once
the route was discovered, the British, Dutch, and
French formed East India Companies in order to
procure goods from India. The European traders
to make textiles with their designs. However, they
demanded money from the poor weavers for using
their designs. This system initially brought profits for
the craftspersons, but slowly they lost their liberty
to sell and produce their own designs. This led to a
decline in their crafts.
With European traders settling and operating their
trading companies, cities like Bombay, Calcutta,
and Madras became new centers of trade and
commerce (Fig. 5). The European traders convinced
craftspersons, artisans, and merchants to move
to the new cities and provide them the goods
they needed to buy. However, the Indians had a
separate residential area to stay in these cities
which were referred to as Black Towns, while White
Towns were the areas where the Europeans lived.
Fort St. George in Madras and St. William in Calcutta
are examples of these settlements. The White Towns
were well-planned and had magnificent buildings
compared to the Black Towns

often had conflicts with each other as they wanted
to buy the maximum Indian products in order to
expand their trade. The Indian traders lost their hold
over the market in the late 18th century with the
rise of European trading companies. Indian ships
suffered losses due to attacks at sea by pirates
and avoided sailing the seas for trade. European
traders used their naval power to gain control over
the sea trade, and the Indian traders, unable to
compete, became agents for European East India
Companies, helping them buy products within the
safety of port cities.
The demand for Indian goods led to the
expansion of the Indian textile business. Indians
across various regions became masters in textile
manufacturing and processes like spinning,
weaving, bleaching, and dyeing. Indian textile
designs grew in beauty and variety. European
traders provided patterns and asked the weavers.
BY READING THE FULL TOPIC ANSWER THE 2 QUESTIONS AND BOTH 2 QUESTIONS FROM THE PARAGRAPHS ONLY................
Q1 WHAT CHANGES DID SUCH TOWNS BRING ABOUT IN CRAFT PRODUCTION?
Q2 WHAT IS THE IMPACT ON THE CRAFTSPERSON WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIG NEW TOWNS?​

Answer 1

Answer:

such a bit question only for 5 marks no one will answer

Explanation:

Answer 2

Answer:

very long Question sorry can't answer xd

Explanation:

#ero{fashion♡queen}