Newspaper article on “tennis court oath” in 100 to 150 words
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This illustration depicts the Tennis Court Oath (Le Serment du Jeu de Paume) of Versailles, 20 June 1789. The National Assembly, also known as the Third Estate, was an ancient but little used gathering of nobles, clergy and common people. They were excluded from their regular meeting place by King Louis XVI and met instead at a nearby indoor tennis court. Here they pledged themselves to create a written constitution for France; by 1791 they would have one. The French Revolution in 1789 overthrew the monarchy and established in its place a republic based on the ideals of 'liberty, equality and fraternity'. This was a monumental event that not only demolished the ancien régime (the former system of monarchical government) in France but shocked the establishments in nations across the world. A new constitution was completed in 1791, with the monarchy still in place, but with the majority of the power resting with an elected assembly. However, this constitution was to last less than a year. Although King Louis XVI outwardly appeared to support the new constitutional order, inwardly he hoped the revolution would fail, and this was soon clear to the public as well. He was brought to trail for treason and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793.
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The Oath signified for the first time that French citizens formally stood in opposition to Louis XVI and the National Assembly's refusal to back down forced the king to make concessions. It was foreshadowed by and drew considerably from the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence, especially the preamble. The Oath also inspired a wide variety of revolutionary activities in the months afterwards, ranging from rioting in the French countryside to renewed calls for a written constitution. It reinforced the Assembly's strength, and although the King attempted to thwart its effect, Louis was forced to relent and on 27 June 1789 he formally requested that voting occur based on head counts, not each estates' power. The Tennis Court Oath (20 June 1789) preceded the abolition of feudalism (4 August 1789) and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (26 August 1789).