Question

nge to he following into indirect speech
of Narration - Ram said to rihan I am coming
within few hours


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Answer 1

Ram said to Rihan that he was coming within few hours.

Answer 2

To do:

• Change the following sentence into indirect speech of narration
• Ram said to Rihan, "I am coming within few hours".

Answer:

• Ram told Rihan that he was coming within few hours.

Explanation:

• Given statement in Direct narration is:
• Ram said to Rihan, "I am coming within few hours".

• On following the main rules for changing direct narration into indirect narration, like
• The reporting verb 'said' is changed to 'told'. [ Reporting verb said is changed into told when it is followed by an object ]
• We have used the conjunction 'that' before the indirect statement. removing the inverted commas.
• Pronoun 'I' is changed to 'he'. [ The pronoun is changed to person ]
• Auxiliary verb 'is' is changed to 'was'. [ Present tense is changed to past ]

• The statement in Indirect narration will be:
• Ram told Rihan that he was coming within few hours.

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Indirect and Direct Narration:

• We many report the words of a speaker in two ways:
• Quoting the actual words said by speaker enclosing in inverted commas (" ") and starting with a capital letter. This is called Direct Narration.
• Reporting what speaker said without quoting actual words or using inverted commas, but focusing on the content what he said. This is called Indirect Narration.

• Basic Rules for conversion of direct speech to indirect:

• Reporting verb 'said' is changed to told, ordered, asked etc. according to the type of sentence.

• Conjunction 'that' is used before the indirect statement.

• Personal pronouns change in Indirect speech.
• Pronouns of first person and second person are changed into indirect form correspondingly.
• Pronouns of third person do not change.
• e.g., Direct : He said to me, "I don't believe you".
•        Indirect :  He told me that he didn't believe me.

Change in tense of the sentence.

• When the reporting or principal verb is in the Past Tense, all Present tenses of the Direct are changed into the corresponding Past tenses.
• simple present → Simple past
• present continuous → past continuous
• present perfect → past perfect
• Past indefinite → Past perfect
• Past perfect → Past perfect continuous
• Will → would
• Shall → should
• can → could

• The tenses will not change if the statement is a universal truth or a habitual statement.
• e.g., Direct : The teacher said, "The Earth goes round the Sun".
•        Indirect : The teacher said that the earth goes round the Sun.

• Words expressing nearness in time or place are generally changed into the words expressing distance.
• now → then
• here → there
• ago → before
• today → that day
• tomorrow → the next day
• yesterday → the day before
• this → these
• that → those

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