Question

NH4Cl(s) ⇌ NH3(g)+ HCl (g)

What is the number of

i) phases in the system,

ii) components in the system, and

iii) degrees of freedom of the system?​

Answer 1

Explanation:

The reaction taking place is a gas-p

hase acid-base reaction (both HCl and NH3 are volatile), that produces particulate NH4Cl as the sole product: HCl(g) + NH3(g) → NH4Cl(s).

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Answer 2

(i) The number of phases in the system is 2 (ii) The number of components in the system is 1 (iii) The number of degrees of freedom of the system is 1. See the explanation given below.

Explanation:

• (i) Phase is defined as physically different elements of a system that can be segregated mechanically. Typical phases are solid, liquid and gas. In the given question NH4Cl exists as solid and other two elements(NH3, HCl) exists in gaseous phase. So the number of phases in the equilibrium reaction is 2: solid and gas.
• (ii) Components are defined as the the bare minimum chemically distinct elements of the reaction that is necessary to define the chemical compositions of each phase. Here in this question NH4Cl is the chemically distinct variable that can fit every element of this equilibrium. Chemical composition of NH3 and HCl is derived from just one component i.e NH4Cl. So the number of components in the system is 1.

• (iii) The number of degrees of freedom are defined to be the maximum number of thermodynamic parameters such as temeperature and pressure that can be altered individually without affecting the other parameters. We can obtain the number of degrees of freedom using Gibbs phase rule : f = c - p + 2, where f is degrees of freedom, c is number of components in the system and p is the number of phase in the system. Applying Gibbs phase rule we get f= 1-2+2 = 1. Degrees of freedom in the system is 1 that means  you can only change one parameter at a time without affecting the other one (temperature/pressure).