Question

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nineteenth century indenture has been described as a ' new system of slavery '. Explain

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Answer 1

ANSWER--


A new system of slavery-At that times,living and working conditions were harsh,but the workers discovered their own ways of surviving. some escaped into the wilds and were even punished,while some others developed new forms of individual and collective self expression,blending different cultural forms,old and new.In trinidad he annual Muharram procession was transformed into a riotous carnival called 'Hosay' in which workers of all races and religions joined. Similarly the protest region of Rastafarianism is also said to reflect social and cultural links with indian migtrants to the carribean. 'Chutney music' popular in Trinidad and Guyana,is another creative exprssion of the post indenture experience.These forms of cultural fusions are part of the making of the global world,where things from different places get mixed,lose their original characteristics and become something entirely new.

Answer 2

In the 19th century, hundreds of thousands of Indian and Chinese labourers went to work on plantations, in mines and in road and railway construction projects around the world.It was a world of faster economic growth as well as great misery, higher incomes for some- and poverty for others.In the 19th century, hundreds of thousands of Indian and Chinese labourers went to work on plantations in mines and in road and railway construction projects around the world.In India, indentured labourers were hired under contracts which promised return travel to India after they had worked for five years on their employer’s plantations.Gradually, in India, cottage industries declined, land rents rose, lands were cleared for mines and plantations. All this affected the lives of the poor; they failed to pay their rents, became indebted and were forced to migrate in search of work.The main destinations of Indian indentured migrants were the Caribbean islands, Trinidad, Guyana, Surinam, Mauritius, Fiji and Ceylon and Malaya.Recruitment was done by agents engaged by employers and paid a small commission.Agents also sometimes tempted these migrants by providing false information about final destinations, modes of travel, nature of work and living and working conditions.Sometimes, agents even forcibly abducted less willing migrants.

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