nitrogen cycle points wise in figure
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(i) Nitrogen is an important chemical on the earth and present in all the living organisms in the form of protein, amino acids and nucleic acid.
(ii) In atmosphere it exists in molecular form (N2) and in form of some oxides [N2O, NO, NO2 , NO3_ ]. Nitrogen is the most abundant component of air (78 percent). Atmospheric nitrogen directly cannot be used by living organisms.
(iii) During lightning nitrogen of atmosphere reacts with oxygen and ultimately form dilute nitric acid. This acid comes down to earth with rainwater. Nitrates are absorbed by plants and utilized for making organic matter (proteins), etc.
(iv) When animals consume plant matter, they break down the plant's nitrogenous compounds and use them to form new animal proteins and other cell components.
Biological Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen fixation [conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into N2-compounds]
(i) Rhizobium [in root nodules of leguminous plants]
(ii) Azotobacter [in soil]
(iii) Blue Green Algae
Ammonification [conversion of nitrogen containing proteins of dead plants and animals into ammonia]
(i) Putrefying bacteria
(ii) Fungi
Nitrification [conversion of ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates]
(i) Nitrosomonas bacteria - Convert NH3 into nitrites (NO2)
(ii) Nitrobacter bacteria - Convert nitrites into nitrates (NO2)
Denitrification [Conversion of nitrate salts into free nitrogen gas] e.g. Pseudomonas.
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(ii) In atmosphere it exists in molecular form (N2) and in form of some oxides [N2O, NO, NO2 , NO3_ ]. Nitrogen is the most abundant component of air (78 percent). Atmospheric nitrogen directly cannot be used by living organisms.
(iii) During lightning nitrogen of atmosphere reacts with oxygen and ultimately form dilute nitric acid. This acid comes down to earth with rainwater. Nitrates are absorbed by plants and utilized for making organic matter (proteins), etc.
(iv) When animals consume plant matter, they break down the plant's nitrogenous compounds and use them to form new animal proteins and other cell components.
Biological Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen fixation [conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into N2-compounds]
(i) Rhizobium [in root nodules of leguminous plants]
(ii) Azotobacter [in soil]
(iii) Blue Green Algae
Ammonification [conversion of nitrogen containing proteins of dead plants and animals into ammonia]
(i) Putrefying bacteria
(ii) Fungi
Nitrification [conversion of ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates]
(i) Nitrosomonas bacteria - Convert NH3 into nitrites (NO2)
(ii) Nitrobacter bacteria - Convert nitrites into nitrates (NO2)
Denitrification [Conversion of nitrate salts into free nitrogen gas] e.g. Pseudomonas.
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