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explain the various agents of pollination(long answer type)
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Answer:
ZOOPHILY - DEFINITION
When the pollination is carried out with the help of animals it is known as zoophilous type of cross pollination.
The plants which carry out zoophilous type of pollination have flowers with hairy pollen grains so they can stick to the body of animals.
When these animals come in contact with the flowers of another plant they deliver the pollen to its stigma.
ENTOMOPHILY - DEFINITION
Cross pollination is carried out with the help of many agents. When they are pollinated by insects this pollination is known as entomophilous type of cross pollination.
When the flowers are large, brightly coloured, emit scent and produce nectar they are pollinated by insects.
ANEMOPHILY - DEFINITION
Anemophily or wind pollination is pollination carried out with the help of the wind. This pollination is called anemophilous pollination. The flowers which carry out such type of pollination are wind pollinating flowers. They are small, lightly coloured and do not produce scent or nectar.
The stamens of these flowers are long and hand out of the flower to help the wind to pollinate.
The anthers are loosely attached to the filament and the pollens are very light and dry.
The stigmas are feathery and hang out of the flower. For example, maize.
HYDROPHILY - DEFINITION
The pollination is carried out with the help of water and is known as hydrophilous type of cross pollination.
It is generally seen in aquatic plants where pollens are produced in large numbers and with specific weight which makes them float below the surface.
In Vallisneria, the male flower floats on the surface of the water till it comes in contact with the female flowers.
POLLINATING AGENTS - DEFINITION
Pollinating agents are called pollinators.
Pollinators can be abiotic, i.e. nonliving or biotic, i.e. living.
Abiotic pollinators are wind and water. Water is usually used only for few aquatic plants like seagrasses.
Biotic pollinators refer to various animal species (Mammals, Reptiles, Birds, and Insects). Insects are the most common of them. Beetles, Bees, Moths, and birds are examples of biotic pollinating agents.
EXAMPLES OF POLLINATING AGENTS - EXAMPLE
Pollination by wind occurs in many grass plants.
Bats also help in pollination. They are used in few bananas (Musa spp.).
Pollination by moths is seen in the evening primrose and some tobacco.