Question

Nomenclature of organic compounds with functional groups

Answer 1

Organic compound is a chemical compound containing hydogen and carbon atoms joined with single covalent bonds.

Nomenclature is the naming of these compounds .

The primary and secondary suffix play an important role in Nomenclature.

√ There are three components of an IUPAC name.

1 .root word

2. primary suffix

3. secondary suffix

The root word example meth , eth , but depends on the number of carbon atoms in the compound.

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Primary suffix

Depends upon the present of single,double or triple bonds

A one bonded compound is ended with -ane

A double bonded compound is ended with -ene

A triple bonded compound is ended with -yne

A single bonded organic compound is called alkane

Example : methane , ethane ,propane

A double bonded organic compound is called alkene

Example : ethene , propene [ methene does not exist can you guess why? ]

A triple bonded compound is called alkyne

Example : ethyne , propyne [ methyne does not exist ]

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Secondary suffix

This depends upon the presence of functional groups

Alcohols

They have OH group of atoms . The secondary suffix is -ol .

Examples :

CH 3 - OH  is called methanol

CH 3 - C H 2 - OH is called ethanol

Aldehydes

They have a double bond of O and another bond with H .Their secondary suffix is -al

Examples:-

H-CHO is called methanal

H 3 C - CHO is called ethanal

Note that all aldehydes begin from the compound.No aldehyde can be present in the middle of the compound.

Carboxylic acids

They have a double bond of O and another bond with OH .Their secondary suffix is -oic acid

Examples:-

CH 3 - COOH is called methanoic acid

CH3- CH 2 - COOH is called ethanoic acid

Note that all carboxylic acids begin from the compound.No acid can be present in the middle of the compound.

Ketones

Ketones have double bond O only .

This can only be present in the middle unlike aldehydes

Examples:

CH 3- O - CH -3 is propanone or 2-propanone

CH 3 - CO - C 2 H 5 is butanone 2 - butanone

Alkyl halides

Bromo contains Br atoms and Chloro contains Cl atoms

Examples :

CH 3 Cl is choro methane

CH 3 Br is bromo methane

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