Not all social groups were moved by the abstract concept of swaraj support the statement enlight of civil disobedience movement
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Answer:
All kinds of social groups and communities did not identify with the concept of 'swaraj'.
1. The group of nation's "untouchables' form around the 1930s had begun to call themselves dalit or oppressed. The ignorant attitude of the Congress alienated them from the wider nationalist movement. Although, Gandhiji made efforts to give them access to various public places and did different tasks such as cleaning toilets and persuaded people to give up the sin of untouchability, but the dalit leaders saw a different political solution.
2. The Dalits believed that political empowerment could resolve their problems. They organised themselves and demanded reserved seats in educational institutes and separate electorates in order to choose dalit members for legislative councils. Such demands and social disabilities therefore saw limited dalit participation during the Civil Disobedience Movement.
3. The decline of the Non-cooperation Khilafat Movement gave rise to the feeling of alienation among a large section of Muslims from the Congress. During the mid 1920s, the very much visible associations of the Congress Hindu religious nationalist groups like the Hindu Mahasabha further created feelings of suspicion and distrust among the members of both the communities.
4. As the relations between Hindus and Muslims worsened, each community organised religious processions with militant fervour, provoking violent clashes and riots in various cities. The condition of worsened relations between the Muslims and Hindus was created by the British Also, the internal situations, association of the Congress as a "Hindu" political party and the conflicts and riots between the two communities divided the nationalist movement against British Rule.
5. Therefore, when the Civil Disobedience Movement started, there was a feeling of alienation between communities who did not identify with the idea of swaraj. They were apprehensive of their position in the society and feared domination from the Hindu majority.
Answer:
.............................................................................Robert Owen (/ˈoʊɪn/; 14 May 1771 – 17 November 1858) was a Welsh textile manufacturer, philanthropic social reformer, and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement. Owen is best known for his efforts to improve the working conditions of his factory workers and his promotion of experimental socialistic communities. In the early 1800s Owen became wealthy as an investor and eventual manager of a large textile mill at New Lanark, Scotland. He initially trained as a draper in Stamford, Lincolnshire, and worked in London before relocating at the age of 18 to Manchester and going into business as a textile manufacturer. In 1824, Owen travelled to America, where he invested the bulk of his fortune in an experimental socialistic community at New Harmony, Indiana, the preliminary model for Owen's utopian society. The experiment was short-lived, lasting about two years. Other Owenite utopian communities met a similar fate. In 1828, Owen returned to the United Kingdom and settled in London, where he continued to be an advocate for the working class. In addition to his leadership in the development of cooperatives and the trade union movement, he also supported passage of child labour laws and free, co-educational schools.