note on count camillo de Cavour
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Count Camillo de Cavour, a political leader and an Italian statesman, premier of the Kingdom of Sardinia. He was born at Turin on the August 1, 1810. He was the active force behind King Victor Emmanuel II, he was responsible more than any other man for the unification of Italy under the house of Savoy. Of a noble Piedmontese family, he entered the army at the age of 10 but came under suspicion for his liberal ideas and was forced to resign in 1831. He then devoted himself to travel, agricultural experimentation, and the study of politics. He was a significant figure in the movement towards Italian unification and the founder of the original Italian liberal party. Cavour was a liberal and had faith in free trade, public right of opinion and secular rule. So on becoming the Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia on November 4, 1852 Cavour strengthened the kingdom, reform taxation, stabilized the currency, and the improved the railway system. In 1853, He supported the French and British in the Crimean War with troops, in anticipation to enhance the prestige of Piedmont-Sardinia. He engineered a tactful diplomatic alliance with France which helped Sardinia piedmont in defeated Austrian force in 1859. Count Camillo de Cavour made considerable efforts of the creation of modern Italian state. But unfortunately he died only three months after the declaration of a united Italy on June 6, 1861.
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Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, was an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification. He was one of the leaders of the Historical Right, and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont–Sardinia, a position he maintained (except for a six-month resignation) throughout the Second Italian War of Independence and Garibaldi's campaigns to unite Italy. After the declaration of a united Kingdom of Italy, Cavour took office as the first Prime Minister of Italy; he died after only three months in office, and thus did not live to see Venetia or Rome added to the new Italian nation.
Explanation:
Camillo Benso was born in Turin during Napoleonic rule, into a family that had gained a fair amount of land during the French occupation. He was the second of two sons of Michele Giuseppe Francesco Antonio Benso, 4th Marquess of Cavour and Count of Isolabella and Leri, Lord of Corveglia, Dusino, Mondonio, Ottiglio and Ponticelli, Co-Lord of Castagnole, Cellarengo and Menabi, Cereaglio, Chieri, San Salvatore Monferrato, Santena and Valfenera, 1st Baron of the French Empire (1781–1850) and his wife (1805) Adélaïde (Adèle) Suzanne, Marchioness of Sellon (1780–1846), herself of French origin. His godparents were Napoleon's sister Pauline, and her husband, Prince Camillo Borghese, after whom Camillo was named.
Camillo and his older brother Gustavo were initially educated at home. He was sent to the Turin Military Academy when he was only ten years old. In July 1824 he was named a page to Charles Albert, the king of Piedmont (1831–1849). Cavour frequently ran afoul of the authorities in the academy, as he was too headstrong to deal with the rigid military discipline. He was once forced to live three days on bread and water because he had been caught with books that the academy had banned. He was found to be apt at the mathematical disciplines, and was therefore enlisted in the Engineer Corps in the Piedmontese-Sardinian army in 1827. While in the army, he studied the English language as well as the works of Jeremy Bentham and Benjamin Constant, developing liberal tendencies which made him suspect to police forces at the time. He resigned his commission in the army in November 1831, both because of boredom with military life and because of his dislike of the reactionary policies of King Charles Albert. He administered the family estate at Grinzane, some forty kilometers outside the capital, serving as mayor there from 1832 to the revolutionary upheaval of 1848.