Question

note on solvent system concepts of acid and base​

Answer 1

The solvent system acid base concept is way to generalize the Arhennius acid-base concept. The Brønsted-Lowry concept seeks to generalize Arhennius acidity in ways that allow all hydrogen ion transfers to be thought of as an acid-base reaction.

H2O(l)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+OH−(aq)H2O(l)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+OH−(aq)

In contrast the solvent system concept seeks to generalize Arhennius acidity by focusing on cations and anions generated in any solvents that autoionizes. These include Brønsted-Lowry type autoionizations:

2NH3(l)2H2SO4(l)⇌NH+4+NH−2⇌H3SO+4+HSO−42NH3(l)⇌NH4++NH2−2H2SO4(l)⇌H3SO4++HSO4−

However, the solvent system definition also allows for autoionizations which involve the transfer of an ion other than hydrogen. For example,

2SeOCl2(l)2BrF3(l)⇌SeOCl++SeOCl−3⇌BrF+2+BrF−42SeOCl2(l)⇌SeOCl++SeOCl3−2BrF3(l)⇌BrF2++BrF4−

However, the solvent system concept does not define acidity in terms of ion transfer. Rather, like the Arhennius concept it defines acids and bases in terms of the impact those acids and bases have on the concentrations of cations and anions in solution.