Chemistry, asked by ricky4127, 1 year ago

Notes for metals and non metals class 8 I

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Answered by krishnasolanki21
102
Dear Student,

SOLUTION:-


Difference Between Metals And Nonmetals

Most of the elements around us are either metals or nonmetals.So, it is important to know whether a particular element is metal or nonmetal. Elements are distinguished as above based on their properties. Have a look at the differences.


Metals

Majority elements are metals. This includes alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, transition metals, actinides, and lanthanides. Metals are separated by nonmetals on a periodic table through a zigzag line starting from carbon, phosphorus, selenium, iodine, and radon. These elements and elements right to them in the periodic table are nonmetals. Elements present just to the left of the line are termed as semi-metals and metalloids. These will have the combined properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Physical properties of metals

Shiny (lustrous)

Good conductors of electricity and heat

High density

High melting point

Malleable

Ductile and so can be drawn into wires

Solid at room temperature except for mercury

Opaque objects

Chemical properties of metals

Easily corrodible

Can lose electrons

Form basic oxides

Have lower electronegativities

Acts as very good reducing agents

Nonmetals

Very few elements in the periodic table are nonmetals. These are present on the right side of the periodic table. Elements that come under nonmetals are hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, all the halogens, and the noble gases.

Physical properties of non-metals

Poor conductors of electricity and heat

Non-Ductile metals

Brittle solids

May be solids, liquids or gases at room temperature

These are not sonorous

Transparent

Chemical properties of non-metals

Generally, contain 4-8 electrons in the outer shell

Readily lose or gain valence electrons

Form acidic oxides

High electronegative elements

Great oxidizing agents

Both nonmetals and metals take different forms which have different shapes and properties compared to each other. For example, diamond and graphite are two allotropes of nonmetal carbon, whereas austenite and ferrite are two allotropes of iron.



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