Question

notes of acid base and salt 10th class

Answer 1

1- Acid- A substance which reacts with a base to form a salt is called an acid. Acid have sour taste. Acids turn blue litmus to red in color. Some of the examples of acids are, Acetic acid, Citric acid, Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid and Nitric acid. Acids are of two types: Organic acids and Mineral acids.

Organic Acids- This acid are the naturally occuring acids. They are found in various types of plants and animals.

Mineral Acids- This acids prepared from the minerals of the earth are called mineral acids.

 

2. Bases 

In chemistry, any substance that in water solution is slippery to the touch, tastes bitter, changes the colour of acid-base indicators (e.g., litmus paper), reacts with acid s to form salt s, and promotes certain chemical reactions (e.g., base catalysis ).

Examples of bases are the hydroxide s of the alkali metal s and alkaline earth metals ( sodium , calcium , etc.; see caustic soda ) and the water solutions of ammonia or its derivatives ( amine s). Such substances produce hydroxide ion s (OH − ) in water solutions. Broader definitions of bases cover situations in which water is not present. See also acid-base theory ; alkali ; nucleophile .

2-Salt- A salt is a substance formed by the reaction of acid with base.

Salts can be of three types: (i) Neutral Salts (ii) Acidic Salts (iii) Basic Salts.

Neutral Salts- The solution of a neutral salt has no effect on any litmus.

For Example, a solution of sodium Chloride salt in water does not change the color of any litmus paper.

Acidic Salt- The solution of an acidic salt in water turns blue litmus to red.

For Example- the solution of amminium chloride salt in water turns blue litmus paper to red.

Basic Salt- The solution of basic salts in water turns red litmus to blue.

For example- the solution of sodium carbonate in water turns red litmus paper to blue.