notes of ch control and cordination class 10?
Answers
Answer: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Neuron
Neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
Each neuron has three main parts: dendrites, cyton/soma/cell body and axon.
Dendrites receive impulses from other neurons.
Cyton/soma processes the impulse.
Axon transmits the impulse, either to another neuron or to muscles/glands, etc.
Axon may be myelinated or non-myelinated.
The impulse transmission is faster in myelinated neurons.
CBSE Class 10 Science notes Chapter 7 - 1
Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. Functions of different parts of the brain are:
Cerebrum is responsible for reasoning, logic, emotions, speech, memory, visual processing, recognition of auditory and taste stimuli, etc.
Cerebellum regulates and coordinates body movements, posture and balance.
Pons relays signals from hindbrain to forebrain.
Medulla Oblongata controls all involuntary movements like vomiting, sneezing, yawning, heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, etc.
Medulla oblongata continues as the spinal cord which runs through the vertebral column and it controls reflex actions.
CBSE Class 10 Science notes Chapter 7 - 2
Peripheral nervous system
The nerves given out by the brain and the spinal cord form the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
There are 12 cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves in humans.
Somatic nervous system
It forms a part of the PNS.
The nerves of PNS that control the voluntary actions of the body form the somatic nervous system.
Autonomic nervous system
All the nerves of the PNS that control the involuntary actions in the body form the autonomic nervous system.
Two divisions of autonomic nervous system are: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for intense physical activity and is often referred to as the fight-or-flight response, while the parasympathetic nervous system has almost the exact opposite effect and relaxes the body and inhibits or slows many high energy functions.
Reflex action
Reflex action is a sudden, involuntary reaction of the body in response to stimuli.
To know more about Reflex Action, visit here.
Reflex arc
It is the path followed by electrical impulse during a reflex action.
The impulse travels from the receptor organ to the spinal cord/brain. It is processed there and the information is brought back to the concerned muscle to carry out the action.
Thus, receptor organ, sensory/afferent neuron, interneuron, motor/efferent neuron and effector organ are the components of a reflex arc.
CBSE Class 10 Science notes Chapter 7 - 3
Protection of CNS
The brain is protected by 3 main layers –
The bony skull (cranium)
The cerebrospinal fluid
The meninges (Dura mater, Arachnoid and Pia mater).
For More Information On Brain, Watch The Below Video:
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Plant Hormones and Movements
Plant hormones
Control and coordination in plants are carried out by hormones.
Plant Hormone Function
Auxin