notes of resipiratory in organisims
Answers
Types of Respiration
On the basis of the presence or absence of oxygen, respiration is classified into two types:
1. Aerobic Respiration
When the breakdown of glucose occurs with the use of oxygen, it is called aerobic respiration. During aerobic respiration, glucose is completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water and energy is released. Aerobic respiration takes place in mitochondria.
It can be shown by the following equation:
Glucose(food) Oxygen−→−−−− Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
Aerobic respiration is seen in most of the organisms such as humans (man), dogs, cats, lions, elephants, cows, buffaloes, goats, snakes, earthworms, frogs, fishes, etc.
2. Anaerobic Respiration
When a breakdown of glucose takes place without using oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration. The glucose is not completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water. An intermediate compound is formed with the release of less amount of energy during this process. It can be shown as follows:
Glucose Nooxygenorair−→−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Alcohol + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and certain bacteria carry out anaerobic respiration. These organisms that carry out respiration in the absence of oxygen are called anaerobes.
Yeast is a single-celled organism. During anaerobic respiration (also called fermentation), yeast produces ethanol or alcohol as a byproduct which is used in making wine and beer. The carbon dioxide produced by yeast is used in the bread making industry. The C02 gas released during this process causes the bread dough to rise.
Anaerobic Respiration in Muscles
Usually, aerobic respiration takes place in humans, but under certain conditions, anaerobic respiration may also occur in our muscles for a short time, due to temporary deficiency of oxygen. When we perform a heavy exercise like running, cycling, walking, weight lifting, etc., we require a large amount of energy. To meet the energy requirement our muscle cells perform anaerobically. respiration. During this process, the glucose or food in the muscle cells is partially broken down in the absence of oxygen to form lactic acid and some extra energy is released.
The following equation shows the production of lactic acid:
Glucose(Food) Undefined control sequence \xrightarrow Lactic acid + Energy
This ours because during vigorous physical activity, the utilisation of oxygen ours at a faster rate in the muscles that can be supplied by the blood.
When the lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration, gets accumulated in the muscles, it causes muscle cramps. The muscle cramps can be relieved by taking a hot water bath or a massage. This improves the circulation of blood and oxygen supply to the muscle cells increases. The increased supply of oxygen results in the complete breakdown of lactic acid into carbon dioxide and water, thereby giving relief from cramps.
Differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
It occurs in the presence of oxygen. It takes place in the absence of oxygen.
The complete breakdown of food takes place in aerobic respiration. Partial breakdown of food occurs in anaerobic respiration.
End products of aerobic respiration are CO2 and water. End products of anaerobic respiration are alcohol and CO2 or lactic acid (in muscles).
A large amount of energy is produced during aerobic respiration. Less amount of energy is produced during anaerobic respiration.
Breathing
It is the process in which air rich in oxygen is taken inside and air rich in CO2 is given out, with the help of respiratory organs. Thus, breathing involves two steps which take place alternately.
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