Question

Notes of the chapter drainage

Class 9

Answer 1

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➡️DRAINAGE PATTERN :

The drainage pattern is the pattern formed by a stream network and refers to the connectivity of the steam tributaries in an area.

1. Trellis pattern

2. Dendritic pattern

3. Parallel Drainage pattern

4. Radical Drainage / Centrifugal pattern.

[ Please see the attached picture.]


➡️TWO TYPES OF RIVER SYSTEMS :

✡️HIMALAYAN RIVERS

1. Indus

2. Ganga.

3. Brahmaputra.

✡️PENINSULAR RIVERS

☣️River flowing into the Bay of Bengal

1. Godavari

2. Krishna

3. Kaveri

4. Mahanadi

☣️River flowing into the Arabian Sea:

1. Narmada

2. Tapi

3. Sabarmati

4. Mahi


➡️DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO RIVERS


☣️HIMALAYAN RIVERS

1. These river originate from the lofty ranges of the Himalayas.

2. They have large basin and catchment area.

3. They form deep I sheep valleys known as Gorge

4. These river are known as perennial and water flows throughout the year.

5. They are considered to be in a youthful age.

6. These rivers form meanders and often shift their courses

7. They also form big deltas at their mouth.


✡️PENINSULAR RIVERS

1. These river originate in the peninsular plateau.

2. They consist of small basin and catchment area.

3. They mainly flow in shallow valleys.

4. These rivers mostly flow in the rainy season as they are Rain- fed.

5. They are considered to be nature rivers.

6. They do not form meanders and flow more or less in a straight course.

7. They form smaller delta and estuaries.


➡️THE HIMALAYAN RIVERS.

☣️THE INDUS RIVER SYSTEM.

1. It Rises near Lake Mansarovar in Tibet and enters India in the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir.

2. Indus is joined by rivers Beas, Satluj, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum near mithankot (Pakistan).

3. It's total length is 2900 km, which makes it the largest river of the world.

☣️THE GANGA RIVER SYSTEM.

1. The headquarters of Ganga are known as Bhagirathi.

2. Bhagirathi is fed by the Gangotri Glacier and joined by the Alaknanda at Devprayag.

3. Brahmaputra joins Ganga and flow into the Bay of Bengal.

4. The Delta formed when the Ganga and the Brahmaputra flow into the Bay of Bengal is known as the Sundarban delta.

5. The length of Ganga is 2500 km.


☣️THE BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER SYSTEM.

1. It originate in Tibet and enters India from Arunachal Pradesh and flows to Assam joined by many tributaries.

2. The tributaries that join Brahmaputra the Dihang, Lohit, Kernula.

3. The riverbed in Brahmaputra Rises due to the huge deposits of slit on its bed.


➡️THE PENINSULAR RIVERS

✡️THE GODAVARI BASIN.

1. The river originate from Nashik district of Maharashtra.

2. It is the largest Peninsular river.

3. Godavari is joined by many tributaries such as Purua, Wardha, wanganga and penganga.

4. It is also known as Dakshin Ganga.

✡️THE KRISHNA BASIN

1. The length of the river Krishna is 1400 km.

2. Bheema, Musi, ghatprabha, Koyna and Tungabhadra are its tributaries.

3. The Krishna basin is shared by Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra.

✡️THE NARMADA BASIN :

1. It originates in the Amarkantak Hills, and floors and creates a gorge in marble rocks of Madhya Pradesh.

2. it mainly flows towards the West in a rift Valley formed due to faulting.



HOPE IT HELPS YOU...

Answer 2

Heya,
Here is your answer.
》》》》》》》》》》

[ Geography Chapter 3 Drainage ]

☆ The term DRAINAGE describes the river system of an area.
☆ The area drained by a single river system is called DRAINAGE BASIN.
☆ An elevated area, usually an upland or mountain seperated two drainage basins. such an upland is called WATER DIVIDE.
☆ A river along with its tributaries may be called a RIVER SYSTEM.
☆ DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN INDIA.
- The Indian rivers are divided into :
1. The Himalayan rivers
2. The peninsula rivers.
☆ 1. HIMALAYAN RIVERS
- Most of the Himalayan rivers are PERRENIAL, that is, they have water throughout the year.
- This is because they recieve water from rain as well as from melted snow.
- They have LONG COURSES from thier source to sea.
- They perform intensive erosional activity in thier upper course and carry a lot of silt.
- In middle and lower courses, they form MEANDERS,OXBOW LAKES, and many other depositional features in thier floodplains.
- They have well-devoloped DELTAS.
- The major Himalayan rivers are INDUS, GANGA and BHRAHMAPUTRA.
☆ 2. PENINSULAR RIVERS.
- Most of them are SEASONAL rivers as thier flow mainly depend on Rainfall.
- They have SHORTER and SHALLOWER courses.
- Some of them originate in CENTRAL HIGHLANDS and flows WEST.
- Most of them originate in WESTERN GHATS and flow towards BAY OF BENGAL.
☆ THE INDUS RIVER SYSTEM.
- Origin : TIBET, near lake MANSAROWAR.
- Tributaries : ZASKAR, THE NUBRA, THE SHYOK, THE HUNZA, SATLUJ, THE BEAS, THE RAVI, THE CHENAB AND JHELUM.
- Length : 2900 km.
- It is one of the LONGEST RIVERS IN THE WORLD.
- Drainage basins : JAMMU&KASHMIR, HIMACHAL PRADHESH, PUNJAB
( only a one third in India, rest in pakistan)
☆ INDUS WATER TREATY. (1960)
- India can only use 20% of water that Indus carries.
☆ GANGA RIVER SYSTEM.
- Origin : BHAGIRATHI (Fed by GANGOTRI GLACIER)
- Tributaries : YAMUNA, GAGHARA,GANDAK AND KHOSI, CHAMBAL, BETWA, SON.
- Length : 2500 km.
☆ The rivers, MEGHNA, GANGA and BHRAHMAPUTRA join together and form delta called SUNDERBANS.
- It is the world's largest delta.
- It is home for ROYAL BENGAL TIGER.
☆ BHRAHMAPUTRA RIVER SYSTEM.
• DETAILS
- Origin : TIBET, EAST of MANSAROWAR lake.
- Tributaries : DIBANG, LOHIT
- Also known as TSANG PO in TIBET and JAMUNA in BANGLADHESH.
• MOVEMENT
- It flows parallel to Himalayas.
- On reaching NAMCHA BARWA, it takes 'U' turn and enters India in ARUNANCHAL PRADHESH through a gorge.Here it's called DIHANG.
☆ PENINSULAR RIVERS.
- Main rivers are MAHANADI, GODAVARI, KRISHNA,KAVERI, NARMADA,TAPI.
☆ NARMADA BASIN.
- Origin : AMARKANTAK hills in Madhya Pradhesh.
- They are SHORT.
- Basin : MADHYA PRADHESH, GUJARAT.
☆ TAPI BASIN.
- Origin : SATPURA ranges, in Betul district of Maharashtra.
- Drainage basins : MADHYA PRADHESH, GUJARAT, MAHARASHTRA.
☆ GODAVARI BASIN
- LARGEST
PENINSULAR RIVER.
- Origin : NASIK district of Maharashtra.
- Length : 1500 km.
- Drains into BAY OF BENGAL.
- Drainage basins : MAHARASHTRA ,MADHYA PRADHESH, ODISHA,A.P
- Tributaries : PURNA, WARDHA, PRANHITA, MANJRA, WAIGANGA, PENHANGA.
- Also known as DAKSHIN GANGA.
☆ MAHANADI BASIN.
- Origin : highlands of Chattisgarh.
- reaches Bay of bengal
- Length : 860km.
- Drainage basins : CHATTISGARH, JHARKHAND, ODISHA.

☆ KRISHNA BASIN.
- Origin : Mahabaleshwar.
- Length : 1400 km.
- Reaches BAY OF BENGAL.
- Tributaries. : TUNGHABHADRA, GHATPRABHA,KOYANA, BHIMA, MUSI.
- Drainage basins : MAHARASHTRA, KARNATAKA, A.P.
☆ KAVERI BASIN.
- Origin : Bhrahmagiri range.
- Reaches BAY OF BENGAL.
- Length : 760 km.
- Tributaries : AMARAVATI, BHAVANI, HEMAVATI, KABINI.
- Drainage basins : KARNATAKA, KERALA, TAMIL NADU.
- It makes the 2nd largest waterfall in India - SIVASUNDHARAM.
☆ LAKES
- They help to regulate the flow of a river.
- It prevents Flooding.
- It can be used to devolop Hydel power.
- Moderate the climate of surroundings
- Maintain the aquatic ecosystem
- Enhance natural beauty
- Devolop tourism
- Provide recreation.
☆ ROLE IF RIVERS IN ECONOMY
- They are Basic Natural resource needed for various human activities.
- Irrigation
- Navigation.
- Hydro-power generation.
☆ RIVER POLLUTION is a major problem nowadays.
☆ NATIONAL RIVER CONSERVATION PLAN (NRCP)
☆ GANGA ACTION PLAN (GAP)
- Phase-I in 1985,
- Closed in March 2000.
- Phase II expanded over 152 towns.
Hope it helps..