Question

notes on chapter carbon and its compound..?????

Answer 1

All living structures are carbon based.

Covalent Bond in Carbon

The atomic number of carbon is 6 and its electronic configuration is 2, 4. To attain a noble gas configuration it requires four more electrons in its valence shell.

It is difficult for an atom of carbon to either gain or lose electrons as it would be difficult to hold extra electrons and would require a large amount of energy to remove four electrons.

Carbon attains the noble gas configuration by sharing its valence electrons with other atoms.Such mutual sharing of electrons between atoms to attain a stable noble gas configuration is called Covalent bonding.

Atoms of other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine also show sharing of valence electrons.

Depending on the number of electron pairs shared, covalent bond is of three types :

Single Covalent Bond: Single covalent bond is formed because of sharing of two electrons,i.e one pair .Example : Hydrogen,Chlorine,Methane.

Double covalent bond: Double bond is formed by sharing of four electrons,i.e two pairs of electrons. Example : Oxygen molecule,Carbon Dioxide molecule.

Triple Covalent Bond: Triple covalent bond is formed because of the sharing of six electrons, three pairs of electrons. Example :Nitrogen,C2H2.

Answer 2

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✨✔️ Carbon is a versatile element that forms the basis for all living organisms and many of the things we use.

✨✔️ Large variety of compounds is formed by carbon because of its
• Tetravalency
• The property of catenation that it exhibits.

✨✔️ Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between two atoms so that both can achieve a completely filled outermost shell.

✨✔️ Carbon forms covalent bonds with itself and halogens.
• Hydrogen.
• Oxygen.
• Sulphur.
• Nitrogen.
• Chlorine.

✨✔️ Carbon also forms compounds containing double and triple bonds between carbon atoms. These carbon chains may be in the form of :-
• Straight chain.
• Branched chain.
• Rings

✨✔️ The ability of carbon to form chains give rise to homologous series of compounds in which the same functional group is attached to carbon chains of different lengths.

✨✔️ The functional groups such as :-
• Alcohols.
• Aldehydes.
• Ketones.
• Carboxylic acids.
shows characteristics properties to the carbon compounds that contain them.

✨✔️ Carbon and it's compounds are some major source of fuels.

✨✔️ Ethanol and Ethanoic acid are carbon compounds have importance in our daily lives.

✨✔️ The action if soaps and detergents is based on the presence of both hydrophobic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule and this help to emulsify the oily diet and hence its removal.

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