notes on chapter - respiration in organism
Answers
Answer:
Respiration
• Respiration is the process of gaseous exchange in an organism.
• Respiration at a cellular level, however, refers to the burning of food to obtain energy.
Breathing
• Breathing is the process of taking in oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide by the organism.
• Every organism has their own methods to breath.
• In humans, it is done by the lungs.
• In organisms like fishes, it is done by gills.
Answer:
Types of Respiration
On the basis of the presence or absence of oxygen, respiration is classified into two types:
1. Aerobic Respiration
When the breakdown of glucose occurs with the use of oxygen, it is called aerobic respiration. During aerobic respiration, glucose is completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water and energy is released. Aerobic respiration takes place in mitochondria.
It can be shown by the following equation:
Glucose(food) Oxygen−→−−−− Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
Aerobic respiration is seen in most of the organisms such as humans (man), dogs, cats, lions, elephants, cows, buffaloes, goats, snakes, earthworms, frogs, fishes, etc.
2. Anaerobic Respiration
When a breakdown of glucose takes place without using oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration. The glucose is not completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water. An intermediate compound is formed with the release of less amount of energy during this process. It can be shown as follows:
Glucose Nooxygenorair−→−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Alcohol + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and certain bacteria carry out anaerobic respiration. These organisms that carry out respiration in the absence of oxygen are called anaerobes.
Yeast is a single-celled organism. During anaerobic respiration (also called fermentation), yeast produces ethanol or alcohol as a byproduct which is used in making wine and beer. The carbon dioxide produced by yeast is used in the bread making industry. The C02 gas released during this process causes the bread dough to rise.
Anaerobic Respiration in Muscles
Usually, aerobic respiration takes place in humans, but under certain conditions, anaerobic respiration may also occur in our muscles for a short time, due to temporary deficiency of oxygen. When we perform a heavy exercise like running, cycling, walking, weight lifting, etc., we require a large amount of energy. To meet the energy requirement our muscle cells perform anaerobically. respiration. During this process, the glucose or food in the muscle cells is partially broken down in the absence of oxygen to form lactic acid and some extra energy is released.
Explanation:
jope it's help u