NOTES ON FIBRE TO FABRIC
Answers
Answer: Fibres: The thin threads or filaments which form a yarn are called Fibres.
Fibres can be broadly classified into two broad categories:
Types of fibres
Natural Fibres:
Fibres that come from plants and animals i.e. are found in nature are called Natural Fibres. Examples:
We get jute and cotton from plants.
Wool is acquired from the fleece of a goat or sheep. It can also be acquired from the hair of yak, rabbits and camels.
Synthetic Fibres:
Fibres that are made of chemical substances i.e. substances not found directly in nature are classified as synthetic fibres. Examples include nylon, acrylic and polyester.
Silk fibre can be procured from the cocoon of silkworms.
These fibres are man made or simply prepared in lab. Ex: Nylon, Teflon etc.
Explanation:
Answer:
Fibre to Fabric Notes
Fibre
A material which is available in the form of thin and continuous strand is called fibre.
Types of Fibres
There are predominantly 2 types of fibres.
o Natural Fibre
o Synthetic Fibre
Natural Fibre: Fibres which are obtained from plants or animals.
o Cotton and jute is obtained from plants.
o Wool is obtained from fleece of sheep/goat.
o Silk is obtained from cocoon of silkworms
Synthetic Fibre: Fibre is made from chemical substances, which are not obtained from plants or animal sources.
o E.g.: Polyester and Nylon, Acrylic
Cotton
o Cotton is grown in the fields in regions which are usually warm and have black soil.
o In India, cotton is grown in Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Rajasthan.
o The fruits of the cotton plant, commonly called Cotton bolls. After maturing, these cotton bolls burst open.
o Inside these, there are seeds, which are covered with cotton.
o From these cotton bolls, cotton is handpicked.
o Then, by a process called Ginning of cotton, fibres are separated from the seeds.
o Cotton is usually used to make sarees, shirts, pants, casual wear, bedsheets, curtains etc
Ginning: The cotton picked up from the plants has seeds in it. The process of removing cotton seeds from pods is called ginning. Ginning was traditionally done by hand. Now-a-days, machines are used in ginning.
Jute
o Jute is obtained from the stem of jute plant.
o In India, jute is grown in West Bengal, Bihar and Assam.
o When the jute plant is at its flowering stage, it is harvested.
o Then, the stem of such harvest plant is immersed in water for a few days so that they rot.
o The fibres are then separated from the stem by hand.
These fibres are converted into yarns by spinning and then used in fabrics
Fibre to Yarn: Spinning
o The process of making yarn from fibres is called Spinning.
o In this process, a large number of fibres from a cotton wool are drawn out and gently twisted such that the fibres gel together to form a yarn.
Devices used are takli, Charkha
o and modern-day machines.
o Charkha is the wheel which was popularised by Mahatma Gandhi with an intent to promote inhouse hand woven Indian cloth market.
o After spinning, yarns are made into fabrics.
Yarn to Fabric: Weaving and Knitting
o The yarn thus obtained is made into a fabric usually by weaving or knitting.
Weaving
o The process of arranging 2 or more yarns together to make a fabric is called Weaving.
o Weaving is done on looms (as shown in figure)
o Weaving is either hand operated (handloom) or power operated.
Knitting
o The process of getting a single yarn together to form a fabric is called Knitting.
o It is mostly used for woollen wear.
o This is mostly done manually and sometimes using machines.