Question

Notes on physical and chemical properties of metals nonmetals and metalloids notes

Answer 1

Answer:

An element is the simplest form of matter that cannot be split into simpler substances or built from simpler substances by any ordinary chemical or physical method. There are 118 elements known to us, out of which 92 are naturally occurring, while the rest have been prepared artificially. Elements are further classified into metals, non-metals, and metalloids based on their properties, which are correlated with their placement in the periodic table.

Table 7.6.1 : Characteristic properties of metallic and non-metallic elements:

Distinguishing luster (shine)

Non-lustrous, various colors

Malleable and ductile (flexible) as solids

Brittle, hard or soft

Conduct heat and electricity

Poor conductors

Metallic oxides are basic, ionic

Nonmetallic oxides are acidic, covalent

Form cations in aqueous solution

Form anions, oxyanions in aqueous solution

Answer 2

Answer:

Physical properties:

Metals :-

1. Metals are malleable means they can be converted in thin sheets using any heavy object like hammer.

2. Metals are good conductor of heat and electricity means Metals allows heat and electricity to pass through them easily.

3. Metals are lustrous means they have shining surface (or we can say they are shiny).

4. Metals are hard.

5. Metals are sonorous means metals produce sound after striking it with any object.

Examples :- Gold, silver, lead, aluminum, iron and copper etc.

Non-Metals :-

1. Non - metals are non malleable means they can't be converted in thin sheets using any heavy object like hammer.

2. Non - metals are poor conductor of heat and electricity means they don't allows heat and electricity to pass through them easily.

3. Non - metals are non - lustrous means they don't have shining surface (or we can say they are non shiny).

4. Non-metals are soft.

5. Non - metals are non sonorous means non-metals do not produce sound after striking it with any object.

Examples :- Carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, oxygen and nitrogen etc.

Chemical properties:

Metals :-

1. Metals form basic oxides. In which metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides.

2. Metals displace hydrogen from water, metals react with water to form a metal oxide and Hydrogen gas.

3. Metals displace hydrogen from dilute acids. They react with dilute hydrochloric acid to form metal chlorides and Hydrogen gas.

4. Metals from ionic chlorides with chlorine. They react with chlorine to form ionic chlorides.

5. Metals usually do not combine with Hydrogen. But less reactive metals can be react.

Non-Metals :-

1. Non metals form acidic oxides or neutral oxides. They react with oxygen to form acidic oxides.

2. Non - metals do not react with water. Because non metals can't give electrons to reduce hydrogen ions.

3. Non - metals do not react with dilute acids. because they do not displace hydrogen from acids.

4. Non - metals form covalent chlorides with chlorine. Covalent chlorides are non electrolytes.

5. Non - metals react with Hydrogen to form stable, covalent hydrides.

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