Notes on thermal power plant construction and working
Answers
Thermal power plant uses steam energy for the generation of the electricity. Fossil fuels like coal, oil, natural gases are burnt in the boiler, a hot flue gases thus generated are used to heat the feed water. A superheated steam is generated. This steam under high pressure then expanded in stem turbine to rotate the turbine. Turbine is coupled with the generator. When turbine rotates, generator also rotates and produces electricity. This arrangement of coupling turbine and generator is called turbo-alternator.
The capacity of the thermal power plant is generally few MW to 1000MW. But now a day it becomes a trend to build thermal power plants of capacity higher than 1000MW.
Following figure shows the general block diagram of the thermal power plant.
Thermal power plant Layout
Thermal power plant Layout
Site Selection for Thermal Power Plant:
Land requirement: The land for the thermal power plant should be large enough so that the present installation and future expansion of the plant can be easily done. Cost and bearing capacity of the land also plays important role while selecting a site for thermal power plant.
Water supply: Site should be near to the river so that water required for the ash disposal, boiler feed water, cooling and circulating water for condensers should be available easily.
Fuel supply: Plant should be near to the coal mines, because cost of transmission of electricity is less than cost of transportation of fuel.
Ash disposal: Making ash ponds is a part of installation of the plant. Enough space should be there for ash ponds and water supply should available for it.
Transport facilities: For fuel supply – road and railway links. Located near coal mines because if quality of coal is poor transportation of coal is costly.
Environment requirement: Thermal power plant produces lot of pollution. Ash ponds may produce water and air pollution, smoke from chimneys produces air pollution. To avoid affects of pollution site should be far from populated area.
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Thermal power plant uses steam energy for the generation of the electricity. Fossil fuels like coal, oil, natural gases are burnt in the boiler, a hot flue gases thus generated are used to heat the feed water. A superheated steam is generated. This steam under high pressure then expanded in stem turbine to rotate the turbine. Turbine is coupled with the generator. When turbine rotates, generator also rotates and produces electricity. This arrangement of coupling turbine and generator is called turbo-alternator.
The capacity of the thermal power plant is generally few MW to 1000MW. But now a day it becomes a trend to build thermal power plants of capacity higher than 1000MW.