Now answer the following questions-
Class .8
Short-
1. Differentiate between:-
A.Topsoil and Subsoil
B.Alluvial soil and Black soil
C. Terrace farming and Strip cropping
2. How can we conserve our land resources?
3. Write briefly about different factors that contribute to the formation of soil?
4. Which is the most appropriate method to check soil erosion on steep slopes?
5. What do you understand by control contour ploughing?
6. Why is only a fraction of the surface area of the earth occupied by humans?
Long-
1. With the help of a diagram describe the different layer of soil profile?
2. Discuss any four ways to conserve water?
3. Explain different ways of conserving soil?
4. Why are multipurpose projects called the temples of modern India?
Answers
Answer:
1) A ) Subsoil is the layer of soil below the topsoil. It contains mainly sandy and clay deposits without a lot of organic matter. ... Geologists refer to it as the “A” horizon, whereas subsoil is the “B” horizon. Topsoil is much more fertile than subsoil because it contains more organic matter, thus giving it a darker color.
B)The black cotton soil is formed by the weathering of igneous rocks and lava flow, whereas the Alluvial soil is formed by the deposition of rivers. ... Black soil is found mostly in the northwestern part of the peninsular plateau mainly in Maharashtra and parts of Gujarat and cotton grows best in this soil.
c)Terrace farming is the practice of cutting flat areas out of a hilly or mountainous landscape in order to grow crops. ... Strip cropping is a method of farming which involves cultivating a field partitioned into long, narrow strips which are alternated in a crop rotation system.
2)Following methods are normally adopted for conserving soil:
Afforestation: One of the best ways to conserve soil is to increase the area under forests. ...
Checking Overgrazing: Grazing is very important. ...
Constructing Dams: One of the scientific methods to check soil erosion. ...
Changing Agricultural Practices
3)Soils are formed through the interaction of five major factors: time, climate, parent material, topography and relief, and organisms. The relative influence of each factor varies from place to place, but the combination of all five factors normally determines the kind of soil developing in any given place. In Plymouth County parent material and relief as it relates to drainage, account for many of the differences among the named soils. The following are brief explanations of the factors contributing to soil formation in Plymouth County Massachusetts.
4)terrace cultivation
5)Contour ploughing or contour farming is the farming practice of ploughing and/or planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines. These contour lines create a water break which reduces the formation of rills and gullies during times of heavy water run-off; which is a major cause of soil erosion.
6)Humans occupy just a fraction of land surface area of the earth as 70% of the land is under water. Land occupies only 30% of surface area of the earth and most of the earth's surface is covered with seas, oceans, barren land, deserts dense forest, high mountains, glaciers, and stepe areas and low lying areas. Humans need some facilities to live in land and those facilities are available only in a fraction of land in the earth's surface area of land.