nswer the following questions briefly.
1. Write a short note on military organisation of the Sultanate.
. How did Balban assert his position as the sultan?
• Who do you feel was the weakest of all the sultans that you read about in this chapter? Why?
Write a short note on the Khalji dynasty.
What caused the disintegration of the Delhi Sultanate?
Answers
1) the army was consisted of the infantry or foot soldiers, cavalry or horse riders archers and elephants
horses of good quality were outmost important and were imported
2) when nasarudin mahmud died in 1266 his prime minister balban become the Sultan
3) the nobles and the mansabdars was the weakest of all Sultan
4) khalj dynasty was founded by Jalaluddin khalji and then he as succeed by his nephew allauddin khalji. 1316 was the decline of this dynasty
pls mark me as a brainlist
1) The standing army of the Sultanate consisted of the royal bodyguard and the troops of the capital. ... The Sultans were commander of forces, chief lawgiver and the final of the court of appeal. The titles of Amirs, Khan and Malik were a military gradation. Men of different nationalities were enlisted in the army.
2)Balban restored the dignity of the Sultan and eradicated the possibility of conflict with the nobility. He created the inferiority complex and a guilty conscience among the nobles. He declared that Kingship was the vice-regency of God on earth and actions of the king can not be judged by the nobility. He framed certain rules for court-behavior and enforced them strictly like Zaminbos(kissing the floor) and Paibos(kissing the king's feet). This how he asserted the Sultan's position.
3)Sikandar Lodi was considered the weakest sultan of Delhi Sultanate .
4)The Khalji Dynasty was founded in Delhi on 13 June 1290 with the ascension of Jalal-ud – din Khalji as the Delhi Sultan.
The Mamluk dynasty ruled Delhi in the starting of the year 1290 A.D. The tenth and last line ruler was Muiz ud din Qaiqabad, it has been said Jalal-ud – din Khalji murdered him. When a community of Qaiqabad nobles put his infant son, Kayumars at the throne, they were killed by Jalal-ud-din and the infant was deposed.
Then Jalal-ud-din overtook the crown, and on 13 June 1290 declared Sultan of Delhi, that marked the beginning of Delhi’s Khalji dynasty.
Jalal-ud-din, born Firuz, was a member of the originally Turkish Khalji tribe. Since the tribe had been living in Afghanistan for some time but at Delhi court, they were considered to be Afghans.
Malik Firuz, as Jalal-ud-din had been known before he became the Sultan, was originally a military officer in the army of the Mamluk dynasty.
Qaiqabad had appointed him to an influential military role because he had succeeded in repelling Mongolian invasions.
In 1296, his nephew and son-in-law Alauddin Khalji murdered Jalal-ud-din, who then took the title, Sultan of Delhi.
In the southern part of the world, Alauddin annexed further territory and expanded the sultanate. His generals gained huge spoils of war from the Southern Kingdoms that helped to reinforce the Khalji rule. The famous Koh-i-Noor diamond was stolen by Alauddin’s army in 1310 from the Kakatiya dynasty at Warangal.
20 Years ruled by Alauddin and his General Malik Kafur became the king after his death in 1315 but was murdered in a few months.
The next three years saw three sultans take power in different coups only to be murdered. Shihab-ud-din Omar was positioned on the throne with his brother Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah as the regent, after Malik Kafur, a 6-year-old son of Alauddin.
One of his generals Khusraw Khan, in turn, murdered Mubarak Shah. An Army commander Ghazi Malik killed Khusraw Khan, who had become the Sultan. Ghazi Malik then ascended to the Delhi throne and adopted the name of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, that marked the start of the Tughlaq dynasty.
5) Causes of Decline of Delhi Sultanate : The Turco-Afghan rule came to an end in India in 1526 with the defeat of Ibrahim lodhi at the hands of babur in the .1st battle of Panipat.
The decline of Delhi Sultanate had begun much earlier. It reached the highest limits of territorial expansion in the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq, but almost at the same time it began to suffer from dissolution.
Neither Muhammad binTughlaq nor his successors succeeded in restoring the unity of the Empire. It fell to pieces. The causes of its decline are not far to seek.
Inherent weakness: First, the Turco-Afghan Empire was built on the power of the sword. It never rested on the foundation of the good-will of the ruled, without which on Empire can last long.
Absence of strong rules: Secondly, the organization of the empire was inherently weak. The successors were weak and inefficient. If the reigning prince happened to be strong, it worked. But if the ruler proved a weakling, the whole structure gave away. Unfortunately after the death of Sultan Firoz on strong ruler arose and successive rule of weak kings hastened the process of decline.