Question

Nutritive tissue developed from PEC​

Answer 1

Answer:

The evolutionary origin of double fertilization and the resultant endosperm tissue in flowering plants remains a puzzle, despite over a century of research. The recent resurgence of approaches to evolutionary developmental biology combining comparative biology with phylogenetics provides new understanding of endosperm origins.

In seeds of flowering plants, the embryo is surrounded by a nutritive tissue called endosperm. Embryo and endosperm are derived from individual fertilization events (double fertilization) and develop embedded in maternal tissues that form the seed coat. Despite the nutritional and economical importance of the endosperm, which makes up about 80% of a corn kernel or a wheat grain, the evolutionary origin of this crucial food storage tissue remains unclear. The triploid nature of the endosperm is typical for most flowering plants, including all important crops and the model system Arabidopsis thaliana. The notion that double fertilization and triploid endosperm are specific features of flowering plants tightly linked to their evolutionary origin has recently been challenged. A study of endosperm in primitive flowering plants, such as the waterlily family, suggests that their diploid endosperm may be the remnant of an ancestral state [1,2]. This new information, combined with novel and established ideas, allows a clearer understanding of the possible evolutionary and developmental origin of the endosperm. The application of functional genomics to the evolutionary developmental biology of the endosperm promises to shed further light onto this curious yet critical tissue.

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