Question

O AX=10; BX=2
O AX=20; BX=2
12) If AL=17H, CL=34H, SS=3000H and SP=FF45H. Analyse the following assembly code snippet What is the value of SP after the following code executes? 1 p
PUSHAL
PUSH CL
POP WORDPTR[ECX]​

Answer 1

Answer:

CF

carry flag

ZF

zero flag

SF

sign flag

OF

overflow flag

IF

interrupt enable flag

DF

direction flag

The PUSHF/POPF instructions

format:

PUSHF

POPF

These instructions save and restore all the flags to/from the stack. This preserves the flags when the code about to be executed is going to modify crucial flags.

example:

pushf

call bigadd ; call procedure

popf

External/Public assembler directives

In order to incorporate procedures written in separate files, the programmer needs to include PUBLIC directives in the procedure file and EXTRN directives in the main program file. The secondary procedure file need not have a program entry point since it cannot be used on its own. Assuming that a procedure called readsint has been defined to read an integer into the AX register. This procedure is then exported by including the following line at the top of the code in the secondary file:

PUBLIC readsint

Similarly, the program that is going to use this procedure must include a statement telling the assembler that it is going to use a procedure from an external file. To do this, the following line must be included at the top of the main program source file:

EXTRN readsint:proc

Multiple declarations can be separated by commas

eg. EXTRN readsint:proc,writesint:proc

After both files are assembled separately, the files must be linked together with a command such as:

TLINK MAIN.OBJ SECOND.OBJ

The IOASM library provides the following two procedures that can be incorporated into your programs to make input and output simpler:

readsint - reads an integer into the AX register

writesint - writes the value of the AX register to standard output

To link your programs with IOASM, you need to include the following line at the top of your program:

EXTRN readsint:proc, writesint:proc

and then link the program with the command TLINK YOURFILE IOASM.LIB

Sample Program #4

; simple numerical output program

DOSSEG

.MODEL SMALL

.STACK 4096

.DATA

Number1 dw 12

Number2 dw 24

Number3 dw 36

.CODE

EXTRN writesint:proc

; use procedure from IOASM to output number to sc

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