observe the modern periodic table and explain the radiation in reactivity of halogen family
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Table salt, bleach, fluoride in toothpaste, chlorine in swimming pools—what do all of these have in common? Add halogen lamps to the list, and the answer becomes more clear: all involve one or more of the halogens, which form Group 7 of the periodic table of elements. Known collectively by a term derived from a Greek word meaning "salt-producing," the halogen family consists of five elements: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. The first four of these are widely used, often in combination; the last, on the other hand, is a highly radioactive and extremely rare substance. The applications of halogens are many and varied, including some that are dangerous, controversial, and deadly.
HOW IT WORKS
The Halogens on the Periodic Table
As noted, the halogens form Group 7 of the periodic table of elements. They are listed below, along with chemical symbol and atomic number:
Fluorine (F) 9Chlorine (Cl): 17Bromine (Br): 35Iodine (I): 53Astatine (At): 85
On the periodic table, as displayed in chemistry labs around the world, the number of columns and rows does not vary, since these configurations are the result of specific and interrelated properties among the elements. There are always 18 columns; however, the way in which these are labeled differs somewhat from place to place. Many chemists outside the United States refer to these as 18 different groups of elements; however, within the United States, a somewhat different system is used.
Table salt, bleach, fluoride in toothpaste, chlorine in swimming pools—what do all of these have in common? Add halogen lamps to the list, and the answer becomes more clear: all involve one or more of the halogens, which form Group 7 of the periodic table of elements. Known collectively by a term derived from a Greek word meaning "salt-producing," the halogen family consists of five elements: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. The first four of these are widely used, often in combination; the last, on the other hand, is a highly radioactive and extremely rare substance. The applications of halogens are many and varied, including some that are dangerous, controversial, and deadly.
HOW IT WORKS
The Halogens on the Periodic Table
As noted, the halogens form Group 7 of the periodic table of elements. They are listed below, along with chemical symbol and atomic number:
Fluorine (F) 9Chlorine (Cl): 17Bromine (Br): 35Iodine (I): 53Astatine (At): 85
On the periodic table, as displayed in chemistry labs around the world, the number of columns and rows does not vary, since these configurations are the result of specific and interrelated properties among the elements. There are always 18 columns; however, the way in which these are labeled differs somewhat from place to place. Many chemists outside the United States refer to these as 18 different groups of elements; however, within the United States, a somewhat different system is used.
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