obtain information about the piciculture in india
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Answer:
Fish farming is also called 'pisciculture' and is the practice of commercial fish rearing in enclosed tanks. In India, it is an important sector contributing to agricultural exports and food security in a major way.
Indian fisheries and aquaculture is an important sector of food production, providing nutritional security to the food basket, contributing to the agricultural exports and engaging about 14 million people in different activities. With diverse resources ranging from deep seas to lakes in the mountains and more than 10% of the global biodiversity in terms of fish and shellfish species since independence, the country has shown continuous and sustained increments in fish production. Constituting about 6.3% of the global fish production, the sector contributes to 1.1% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 5.15% of the agricultural GDP. The total fish production of 10.1 million metric tonnes presently has nearly 65% contribution from the inland sector and nearly the same from culture fisheries. The annual carp seed production is to the tune of 25 billion and that of shrimp about 12 billion, with increasing diversification in the recent past. Along with food fish culture, ornamental fish culture and high value fish farming are gaining importance in the recent past.
Export potential
Fish and fish products have presently emerged as the largest group in agricultural exports of India, with 10.5 lakh tonnes in terms of quantity and ` 33,442 crores in value.
This accounts for around 10% of the total exports of the country and nearly 20% of the agricultural exports. More than 50 different types of fish and shellfish products are exported to 75 countries around the world.
Global position
3rd in Fisheries, 2nd in Aquaculture
Contribution of Fisheries to GDP (%)
1.1
Contribution to Agricultural GDP (%)
5.15
Per capita fish availability (Kg)
9.0
Annual Export earnings (Rs. In Crore)
33,441.61
Employment in sector (million)
14.0
Farming systems based on aquaculture
Aquaculture resources in India include 2.36 million ha of ponds and tanks, 0.798 million ha of flood plain lakes plus in addition 195 210 km of rivers and canals, 2.907 million ha of reservoirs and that could be utilized for aquaculture purposes. Ponds and tanks are the prime resources for freshwater aquaculture; however, only about 40 percent of the available area is used for aquaculture currently. Ponds in eastern India are typically homestead ponds of less than 1 ha in size, while the watersheds in western India are larger covering expanses of between 15–25 ha each. In northern India, open waters with in-flows are common, while southern India has watersheds, termed as tanks, largely used for crop irrigation. In several parts of the country ponds and tanks are state-owned or communal and are leased out for periods of 3–5 years.

Integrated farming system for one ha
Cropping (0.90 ha) + fishery (0.10 ha) + poultry (50 layers) + 5 kg oyster mushroom production/day. Rice-Gingelly-Maize and Rice-Soybean-Sunflower in 0.90 ha + polyculture fish rearing (0.10 ha), Pigeon (100 pairs) and 5kg mushroom production per day Goat (20 female + one male) + fish (400 numbers of polyculture) + improved cropping system for wetlands
Integration of cropping in 0.90 ha with fishery in 0.10 ha, 50 layers of poultry and 5 kg oyster mushroom production per day will result in higher net return of Rs.35,000/ha/year (or) Integration of Rice-Gingelly-Maize and Rice-
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