Question

ol gives vul elleryy!
Describe how you would use fractional distillation to separate a solution of liquid A.
(boiling point 56 °C), liquid B (boiling point 72°C), and liquid C (boiling point 1000​

Answer 1

Fractional distillation separates miscible liquids that have different boiling points. It is useful for separating ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water, and for separating crude oil into different products such as petrol, diesel and kerosene.

When the mixture is heated:

• the liquids boil at their boiling point.
• their vapours rise through a column which is hot at the bottom and cooler at the top.
• the vapour condense when they reach a part of the column that is below the temperature of their boiling point.
• the liquids which condense in the column drip back into the flask.
• any gas that makes it to the top of the fractioning column enters the condenser where it is changed to a liquid.
• the liquid runs into a collecting vessel.
• distillates collected over a narrow temperature range are known as fractions.
• Fractional distillation process to separate ethanol from water