Question

On cutting the body of an organism into many pieces it was observed that many of these pieces developed as new individuals. Name the process and list two organisms in which this process may be observed. Draw a schematic diagram to illustrate the changes that are likely to be observed during the development of new individuals in any one of the organisms named.(Delhi - 2014)

Answer 1

Answer:

Regeneration is the name of the process.

regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration, and growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage.[1] Every species is capable of regeneration, from bacteria to humans.[2][3] Regeneration can either be complete[4] where the new tissue is the same as the lost tissue,[4] or incomplete[5] where after the necrotic tissue comes fibrosis.[5] At its most elementary level, regeneration is mediated by the molecular processes of gene regulation.[6][7] Regeneration in biology, however, mainly refers to the morphogenic processes that characterize the phenotypic plasticity of traits allowing multi-cellular organisms to repair and maintain the integrity of their physiological and morphological states. Above the genetic level, regeneration is fundamentally regulated by asexual cellular processes.[8] Regeneration is different from reproduction. For example, hydra perform regeneration but reproduce by the method of budding.

Names of animals:

Planarians are flat worms. If cut into pieces, each piece can grow into a new worm.

Sea cucumbers have bodies that can grow to be three feet long. If cut into pieces, each one can become a new sea cucumber.

Sharks continually replace lost teeth. A shark may grow 24,000 teeth in a lifetime.

Spiders can regrow missing legs or parts of legs.

Sponges can be divided. In that case, the cells of the sponge will regrow and combine exactly as before.

Starfish that lose arms can grow new ones; sometimes an entire animal can grow from a single lost arm.

Diagram:-

https://images.app.goo.gl/ZYcPs4T9FS4VgFnWA

https://images.app.goo.gl/HcKUxeBgwKkgdCqB9