Question

on reducing temperature of surface to one third amount pg radiation becomes ?​

Answer 1

Thermal Radiation

Thermal radiation is unlikely to have been a significant influence in the oceanic realm. Therefore, we consider here the evidence in support of, and the effects of, thermal radiation on terrestrial ecosystems. Robertson et al. (2004) (using calculations from Melosh et al., 1990) suggested that the atmosphere itself would have largely been transparent to the thermal radiation, such that air temperatures at points distant to the impact would only have been elevated by ~10°C. However, the surfaces of standing plants or animals would have quickly absorbed the intense thermal radiation coming from the sky. Land animals would not have been able to breathe without searing their respiratory membranes unless they could shelter from the pulse of thermal radiation, which would have been rapidly absorbed by their surficial tissues (e.g., skin) (Robertson et al., 2004). Goldin and Melosh (2009) suggest that radiation intensity of 10 kW m-2 would result in a 50% probability of death in a 100 second exposure, such that the thermal pulse would have been lethal to thin-skinned animals and that it may have caused some dermal damage to those with thick skin.

A significantly higher probability of survival existed for creatures that either

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Answer 2

Answer:

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Explanation:

Hence, if temperature of the surface is reduced to 1/3, then the effect on radiation can be found using the above relation

E ∞ $T^{4}$

$E_{1}$   ∞    $(\frac{T}{3} )^{4}$

   ∞      $\frac{T^{4} }{81}$

   ∞    $\frac{E}{81}$

Hence, radiation will be 1/81 times the original radiation.