Question

on what basis are social differences created

Answer 1

The following points may help you:

a. Social differences in terms of disparate languages, religions, castes and sub castes are characteristic features of every society.
b. The social differences existing in the society can be attributed to many factors like birth , a person may be born as a male or female, leading to biological differences.
c. Likewise., a person may belong to a particular religion , may be born in a particular caste a high caste or a low caste.
d.  A person may also have multiple identities , a person may belong to a particular religion, a language groups, a person could be a male or female with different concerns, may belong from a particular region, may  belong to a particular caste , class etc
e. For instance, In India, we have multiple identities, we may belong from a particular state, speak a particular language, follow a specific region, have a caste .
f. Social differences can also be by choice, where a person may follow a particular set of beliefs , ideologies and may be a rightist or leftist in his approach.
g. Social differences  are also the result of economic factors which may divide the society between the haves and haves not, creating disparities between the rich and the poor.
h. Social differences may also take the form of being Overlapping social differences which may  create deep social divisions and possibility of conflict because here one kind of social difference becomes more important than the other and people on such a a case develop a feeling that they belong to different community all together having different interests which are not probably recognized and and are denied by the other community. One can give example of Blacks who tend to poor and discriminated against by the white majority rule in US 
i.Likewise, in India the Dalits have been the victims of injustice and discrimination and tend to be socially and educationally backward. Such a situation creates a possibility of deep social conflict between communities.
j.They may also take the form of  Cross cutting differences it is difficult to pit one group against the other because here groups may share common interests as well as different views on other matters. For example, Netherlands ,class and religion cut across each other, Catholics and Protestants are equally likely to be rich and poor. In such a situation accommodation of interests becomes easy for the political class.
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