On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend?
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Answer:
The resistance of a conductor depends on the cross sectional area of the conductor, the length of the conductor, and its resistivity.
The resistance of a conductor depends on the cross sectional area of the conductor, the length of the conductor, and its resistivity.\
Conductor resistance is a property of a conductor at a specific temperature, and it is defined as the amount of opposition there is to the flow of electric current through a conducting medium.[2] The resistance of a conductor depends on the cross sectional area of the conductor, the length of the conductor, and its resistivity. It is important to note that electrical conductivity and resistivity are inversely proportional, meaning that the more conductive something is the less resistive it is.
The resistance of a conductor can be calculated at a temperature of 20°C using:[3]
R=ρLA
where:
R is the resistance, in ohms (Ω)
ρ is the resistivity of the material in ohm meters (Ωm)
L is the length of the conductor in meters (m)
A is the cross-sectional area of the conductor in meters squared (m2)
This formula tells us that the resistance of the conductor is directly proportional to ρ and L, and inversely proportional to A. Since the resistance of some conductor, such as a piece of wire, depends on collisions within the wire itself, the resistance depends on temperature. With increasing temperature, the resistance of the wire increases as collisions within the wire increase and "slow" the flow of current. The amount of change is determined by the temperature coefficient.[4] A positive temperature coefficient results in resistance increasing with temperature whereas a negative temperature coefficient results in a decreasing resistance with an increasing temperature. Since conductors typically display an increased resistivity with temperature increase, they have a positive temperature coefficient. The most common types of resistors are variable resistors and fixed resistors.
By utilizing the resistance of a conductor, light can be created in an incandescent light bulb. In an incandescent light bulb there is a wire filament that is a certain length and width, thus providing a certain resistance. If this resistance is just right, the current flowing through the wire is slowed just enough, without stopping as a result of too much resistance, that the filament heats up to the point that it glows.
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