Question

One of the most essential processes in cell maintenance is the ability to degrade proteins that are old or damaged.

The inability to do this contributes to several disorders such as Alzheimer's and diabetes.

Which small protein, named for its abundance, is attached to proteins to "mark them for destruction"?​

Answer 1

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Ubiquitin⭐⭐⭐

➡️➡️Ubiquitin is a 9kDa protein that is attached to lysine residues of proteins that require degradation.

This process is mediated by a group of proteins called the ubiquitin ligases, which are given the alpha-numeric name E3.

After ubiquitylation takes place, the marked protein is recognised by a structure in the cell called the proteasome, which degrades the protein into small peptides.

This process is important in maintaining proper cell functionality.

Damaged proteins are often characterised by exposed hydrophobic regions, which results in protein aggregation and the formation of plaques which are characteristic of disorders such as Alzheimer's.

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