One of the most frightening and destructive phenomena
of nature is a severe earthquake and its terrible after
effects. Earthquakes are the result of forces deep within
the earth's interior that continuously affects the surface
of the earth. The energy from these forces is stored in a
variety of ways within the rocks. When this energy is
released suddenly, an earthquake occurs. The area of the
fault where the sudden rupture takes place is called the
focus or hypo-centre of the earthquake. The point on the
earth's surface directly above the focus is called the
epicentre of the earthquake. The effect of an earthquake
on the earth's surface is called the intensity. The
intensity scale consists of a series of responses such as
the number of people who woke up, movement of
furniture, damage to chimneys and finally total
destruction. The magnitude of 5.3 might be a moderate
earthquake, and a strong earthquake might be rated with
the magnitude 6.3. An earthquake in a densely populated
area which results in many deaths may have the same
magnitude but acts only as a shock in a remote area that
does nothing more than frightening the wildlife.
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cause and effect of earth quake
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