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Answer 1

The availability and reliability of the supply of mineral commodities relate to the horizontal axis of the criticality matrix described. Availability is dynamic but is generally considered to be a long-term issue, whereas reliability of supply is a shorter-term issue. Part of the mineral resource endowment that is often overlooked is the amount of material that is landfilled or scrapped but could be recycled. Net imports and exports of scrap for recycling should also be taken into consideration. In addressing the availability of critical minerals and materials the availability of both the virgin resource (primary availability) and the previously processed resource (secondary availability) must be considered.

Mineral deposits often have specific associations with geologic terrains and vary in abundance as a function of geologic time; a few examples of minerals and their global geologic associations are listed here. The major source of copper from deposits, known as porphyry copper deposits, are most prevalent around the Pacific Ocean, along the west coasts of South and North America and in the South Pacific islands of Indonesia, and in Papua New Guinea. The deposits in the United States formed 50 million to 75 million years ago, while the deposits in the South Pacific can be as young as 1 million to 3 million years old. Porphyry copper deposits are low grade (0.3-1.0 percent copper) and large tonnage (often greater than 1 billion tons), with the copper-bearing minerals finely disseminated throughout the large volume of rock. Platinum group metal

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Answer 2

Mineral reserves refers to the known mineral concentration in the ground whereas mines refer to those areas where mineral ores are obtained. A mineral reserve can be converted into mines depending on the following factors:

a. The concentration of mineral in the ore
b. The ease of extraction
c. Proximity to the market , for easy transportation.
d. Economic viability of the reserve
​e. Accuracy of the information about the mineral deposit.