Only democratic government can maintain human security
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SUMMARY
Human security (defined here as access to a minimum threshold of food, water, health care, shelter, education, and work) diverges from traditional notions of national or territorial security by placing the primary focus on the individual’s freedom from want rather than a preoccupation with freedom from fear. Despite earlier optimism that democracy would naturally lead to an increase in human security, existing data, in contrast to other security categories, reveal only a weak overall correlation between the strength of a country’s democracy and its levels of human security.
The evidence does suggest, however, a fundamental difference between more bureaucratic and institutionally strong regime types (whether democratic or autocratic) versus more patronage-based and institutionally weak forms of either regime type. Bureaucratic democracies are strongly associated with high levels of human security while patronage autocracies are associated with low levels. Human security results for institutionally weak or patronage democracies and bureaucratic autocracies are more mixed. Other evidence points to the importance of addressing power asymmetries, citizen participation, and rule of law when designing human