Question

Only for 12th class
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Answer 1

Answer:

The Cannizzaro reaction is when a non-enolizable aldehyde reacts with itself in a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Two of the most common non-enolizable aldehydes are formaldehyde and benzaldehyde.

Explanation:

Avoiding CO2 in Catalysis of Decarboxylation

Ronald Kluger, ... Scott O.C. Mundle, in Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry, 2013

7.5 Decarboxylation is not Always a Unimolecular Dissociative Process

Decarboxylation is often assumed to proceed from the carboxylate through a unimolecular dissociative process that gives a residual carbanion and CO2.This reaction would not be subject to general acid or base catalysis, as there are no feasible roles for these catalysts in the transition state for decarboxylation. Therefore, any observed acid or base catalysis in a decarboxylation reaction is inconsistent with a unimolecular mechanism and implicates a role for water. Acid-catalyzed decarboxylation was shown to proceed through a hydrolytic mechanism.

Answer 2

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a)

1. cannizzaro reaction

aldehydes which do not have an Alpha hydrogen atom undergoes self oxidation and reduction reaction on heating with con. alkali.

see the reaction in first attachment

2. decarboxylation

Decarboxylation : the reaction in which carboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide to form hydrocarbons when their sodium salts are heated with soda-lime.

alkali metal salts of carboxylic acid also undergo decarboxylation electrolysis of their aqua solution. This reaction is known as Kolbe's electrolysis.

see the reactions in attachment second

b) see all the reactions in third attachment

i hope it helps you!