Open drains are the cause of many waterborne epidemics. Explain
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With growing urbanisation, industrialisation, agricultural and other anthropogenic activities, fresh water resources such as rivers, lakes, streams and ground water — are being depleted. Besides, these water resources are being contaminated with toxic metals, hospital waste, pharmaceuticals, agrochemical wastes, etc. The deterioration in water quality causes serious illnesses including typhoid, cholera, hepatitis A and E, polio, dysentery, etc., through waterborne bacteria, viruses and protozoa, while water-related diseases like malaria and dengue fever spread due to environmental pollution.
The quality of water is greatly affected by open drainage system in urban and peri-urban areas of the country. Household open drains are allowed to flow into water sources, recharging ground water and spreading ground water pollution.
The Pakistan Strategic Country Environmental Assessment Report (PAK-SCEA) 2006 says that approximately 2,000 million gallons of sewage is being discharged to surface water bodies every day. Human and animal waste including agricultural wastes are thrown directly into surface water resources like dams and nullahs passing though the main cities causing serious threats not only to agricultural soil but also to ground water and human health. According to reports 20-40 per cent diseases in Pakistan are related to water pollution and contamination of water resources.
Water management and open drainage system is a continuous challenge. For instance, Nullah Lai in Rawalpindi is heavily polluted with litter and untreated wastewater; it receives latrine effluents directly spreading environmental pollution along with surface and ground water pollution.
The quality of water is greatly affected by open drainage system in urban and peri-urban areas of the country. Household open drains are allowed to flow into water sources, recharging ground water and spreading ground water pollution.
The Pakistan Strategic Country Environmental Assessment Report (PAK-SCEA) 2006 says that approximately 2,000 million gallons of sewage is being discharged to surface water bodies every day. Human and animal waste including agricultural wastes are thrown directly into surface water resources like dams and nullahs passing though the main cities causing serious threats not only to agricultural soil but also to ground water and human health. According to reports 20-40 per cent diseases in Pakistan are related to water pollution and contamination of water resources.
Water management and open drainage system is a continuous challenge. For instance, Nullah Lai in Rawalpindi is heavily polluted with litter and untreated wastewater; it receives latrine effluents directly spreading environmental pollution along with surface and ground water pollution.
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