optical isomerism how explain in seminar
Answers
Answer:
Optical isomers are compounds that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other. ... If the arrangement in space makes the two isomers nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other, we call them optical isomers or enantiomers. An example is the amino acid alanine.
Answer:
Optical isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism. This page explains what stereoisomers are and how you recognize the possibility of optical isomers in a molecule.
What are stereoisomers?
Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of the atoms in space. That excludes any different arrangements which are simply due to the molecule rotating as a whole, or rotating about particular bonds. Where the atoms making up the various isomers are joined up in a different order, this is known as structural isomerism. Structural isomerism is not a form of stereoisomerism, which involve the atoms of the complex bonded in the same order, but in different spatial arrangements. Optical isomerism is one form of stereoisomerism; geometric isomers are a second type.
Optical isomerism
Optical isomers are named like this because of their effect on plane polarized light. Simple substances which show optical isomerism exist as two isomers known as enantiomers.
A solution of one enantiomer rotates the plane of polarisation in a clockwise direction. This enantiomer is known as the (+) form.
For example, one of the optical isomers (enantiomers) of the amino acid alanine is known as (+)alanine.
A solution of the other enantiomer rotates the plane of polarisation in an anti-clockwise direction. This enantiomer is known as the (-) form. So the other enantiomer of alanine is known as or (-)alanine.
If the solutions are equally concentrated the amount of rotation caused by the two isomers is exactly the same - but in opposite directions.
When optically active substances are made in the lab, they often occur as a 50/50 mixture of the two enantiomers. This is known as a racemic mixture or racemate. It has no effect on plane polarised light
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