organic farmingbinformation 100 to 150 words
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Organic farming avoids chemical pesticides and fertilizers and seeks to increase soil fertility through feeding soil micro-life with residues from life such as garbage compost and sewage, manure, plant residues, food processing wastes etc. Organic farming rely on biological processes to obtain high quality and yields which are as good as these achieved using modern techniques as agricultural production.
Organic farming means farming in the spirit of organic relationship between soil, water and plants; between soil, soil microbes and waste products; between the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom; between agriculture and forestry; between soil, water and atmosphere.
Nature adopts different method to supply of nutrients to the soil and maintain the fertility of soil. The supply of nutrients are undisrupted in the nature. The plant leaves produces carbohydrates and later converting these carbohydrates into sugar, starch, cellulose, lignin etc.
Organic manure involves blending the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash rich materials, in which the trace elements are present in proportion and the crucial carbon- nitrogen ratio (C/N) is neither too high nor too low. This kind of preparation is within the competence of farmers. There is no need of adding some nitrogenous fertilizer as supplement. The chemical nitrogenous fertilizer upsets the nutrient balance of soil. Nitrogenous fertilizer is known as stimulant of growth and there is craze for it among the farmers.
Nature has made ample provisions for the supply of nitrogen through the variety of ways. Bacteria in the nodules of leguminous plants capture nitrogen from the atmosphere and fix it into the soil. Various genera have been endowed with nitrogen fixing quality so that this operation could continue under different conditions. So do some ferns (azolla), blue green algae and some genera of free living bacteria (azatobacter, Clostridium).
For the supply of all other macro and micro nutrients as also of vitamins and plant growth promoting substances, there are elaborate arrangements in natural soil systems. A wonderful fertilizing agent of Nature is the earthworm population which thrive in the soil and ingest soil, mix it with secretions and leave a far richer soil cast.
Organic matter is continually reverting to inorganic state to make mineral salts such as compounds of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, magnese, zinc, copper, boron so that these could be available for absorption by the plant roots.
Organic manure is not deficient in any nutrients. It is capable of supplying every nutrient to the extent that can be assimilated by the plant. Organic manure, being a complex mixture, is a store-house of nutrients. It releases nutrients gradually so that all nutrients are supplied over a long time in right proportions. Its compounds are subject to minimal loss by leaching.
The colloidal product of decomposing organic manure has a high “base exchange” capacity, which means the exchanged ions are not flushed out. Contact between plant root hairs and the organic manure particles ensure conservation. Thus, there is a built in economy of supply and demand.
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